Insights into the Degradation Behavior of Submicroplastics by Klebsiella pneumoniae
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Insights into the Degradation Behavior of Submicroplastics by Klebsiella pneumoniae Hasan Saygin1 · Asli Baysal2 Accepted: 14 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In the environment, micro and sub-microplastics are involved in multiple processes; however, information regarding the effect of pathogen microorganisms, or aging on the behavior of microplastics, sub-microplastics and nanoplastics still needs examination. This study examined the degradation properties of sub-microplastics with one of the clinically important pathogens, Klebsiella pneumoniae. Various concentrations of sub-microplastics were aged with K. pneumoniae to improve understanding of the degradation process. Research results revealed that K. pneumoniae broke down the sub-microplastics; functional group indices showed that the most influenced functional groups in the surface were carbonyl, carbon–oxygen and vinyl groups; and the oxygen to carbon ratio were increased while the hydroxyl groups and crystallinity were not significantly affected. The breakdown was obtained in the lower particle sizes and with additive samples. Furthermore, biochemical response of K. pneumoniae was investigated and the optical density results indicated that the tested microorganism was activated with the sub-microplastics (2–43%), except the lowest concentration of S1 and S2 at 40 h aging, and their protein response played a more effective role in the activation than carbohydrate. The results also indicated that particle size, and breakdown particles influenced the activation level Keywords Nanoplastics · Degradation · Pathogens · Secondary plastics · Weathering
Introduction Plastic debris is now ubiquitous in the environment, with concerns for micro-, sub-micro- and nano-sized plastic interactions with humans. Human can intake the plastic particles via foods, indoor and outdoor air, and drinking water [1, 2]. Previous studies indicate that plastic particles have been identified in bottled drinking water [2, 3]. These particles were mostly small particle size of polyethylene type polymers, less than 5 µm, and in a wide range of amounts. The Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-020-01929-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Asli Baysal [email protected] 1
Application and Research Center for Advanced Studies, T. C. Istanbul Aydin University, Sefakoy Kucukcekmece, 34295 Istanbul, Turkey
Health Services Vocational School of Higher Education, T. C. Istanbul Aydin University, Sefakoy Kucukcekmece, 34295 Istanbul, Turkey
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studies also showed that bottled water may be one of the main sources of the plastic debris for human and available studies identified the potential for translocation and tissue damage [2, 4, 5]. It is obvious that plastic debris is spread across different environment (media) and can degrade with various processes, e.g. biological activity and/or several abiotic a
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