Integrating isotope mass balance and water residence time dating: insights of runoff generation in small permafrost wate
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Integrating isotope mass balance and water residence time dating: insights of runoff generation in small permafrost watersheds from stable and radioactive isotopes Chengwei Wan1,2 · Kai Li2 · Huili Zhang3 · Zhongbo Yu1,2 · Peng Yi1,2 · Chenghao Chen4 Received: 27 March 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract 40 small watersheds in the Source Area of the Yellow River were investigated recently to sample surface waters, groundwater and ground ice, and their water isotopic signatures (2H, 18O, 3H, and 222Rn) have been measured. A novel isotope mass balance approach was developed to estimate annual surface and surface flow discharges in catchment combined water age dating. This approach revealed the changing surface and subsurface runoff patterns were along the hydrological trajectory of progressive permafrost degradation. To build up the linkages between the hydrological indictors and environmental and biological features was recommended, which would benefit a better understanding the significant impacts of permafrost degradation on social, ecological and economic developments in cold regions. Keywords Tritium · Radon-222 · Stable water isotopes · Frozen soil landscapes · Hydrological processes
Introduction Extensive permafrost degradation is accelerating on a global scale due to significant climate change, furthermore, it has been predicted to continue for serval decades under climate warming simulations [1–3]. As a result, ecosystems, landscapes, ground stability, as well as economic development in those regions under permafrost degradation have been impacted [4–6]. Profound implications for permafrost thawing effects on local hydrological, biochemical, and environmental processes have motivated to be demonstrated by * Chengwei Wan [email protected] * Zhongbo Yu [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Hydrology ‑ Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
2
College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
3
College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China
4
Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
numerous studies [1–6]. Although recent concerns about the changes in hydrological systems including surface water flow and groundwater regimes have become a hot topic in cold-region hydrology research, the specific impact of permafrost degradation at different stages on detailed water (ice) source availability in aquifers still requires a better knowledge [7–10]. Previously, a series fieldworks [7–9, 11, 12] conducted in serval small-size watersheds in the Source Area of the Yellow River (SAYR), north-eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) where mosaicked with various frozen ground types found there was a hydrological transition to less permafrost coverage, and then generated a conceptual model to illustrate the permafrost meltwater generation processes and the changing water volume produced from progressiv
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