Time-space analysis of groundwater in China plain area and its water quantity balance analysis
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Time-space analysis of groundwater in China plain area and its water quantity balance analysis Hanxi Wang 1 & Jianling Xu 1
&
Lianxi Sheng 1 & Liang Ma 1 & Xuejun Liu 2
Received: 16 April 2019 / Accepted: 7 January 2020 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2020
Abstract Taking the typical plain city of Shangqiu as an example, groundwater balance is analyzed by monitoring precipitation and groundwater level. A correlation analysis shows that there is a significant correlation between groundwater level change and precipitation. By formulating the groundwater balance evaluation criteria, it was found that the evaluation grade was grade III in 1997, and most of the years were at grade II. It is suggested that measures should be taken to adjust the industrial layout, optimize the planting structure, and strengthen the utilization of reclaimed water to realize the scientific utilization of groundwater resources. Keywords Groundwater . Water resource . Water level . Precipitation . Evaluation
Introduction Groundwater is often considered a largely local issue that is difficult to regulate (Cullet et al. 2017). Perceptions of groundwater are changing from an “infinite” to a “finite” resource. The increasing use of groundwater is relatively underused at present (Kidd 2017). Instituting effective groundwater governance is highly challenging in a least developed country. China is one of the countries with the largest water shortage in the world (Liu et al. 2019). China’s per capita freshwater consumption is only 25% of that in the rest of the world (Wang et al. 2014). Urban development accelerates the utilization of groundwater resources. This issue has become a major challenge in many river basins all around the world due to the imbalance in water supply and demand (Ghasemi et al. 2017). The hydrological cycle is sensitive to the driving forces of climate change (Wang et al.
Responsible Editor: Angela Vallejos * Jianling Xu [email protected] * Lianxi Sheng [email protected] 1
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, Jilin Province, China
2
Jilin Province Academy of Education and Science, Changchun 130022, China
2015c). Changes in temperature and precipitation affect the variation of water resources to some extent. The variation in water resources greatly differs between seasons. Extensive groundwater withdrawals in urban areas may also cause water shortages, a decline in the water level, land subsidence, water-quality problems and the descent of soil quality (Khan et al. 2013; Wang et al. 2019b). The decrease in precipitation will lead to the increase in groundwater exploitation. The decrease in precipitation and the overexploitation of groundwater can not only cause the decline of groundwater level and the loss of groundwater reserves but also accelerate a drought (Kuang et al. 2015). Precipitation affects water resources in various ways from region to region (Jia et al. 2017). The c
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