Interaction of Metabolic Syndrome with Asthma in Postmenopausal Women: Role of Adipokines
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Interaction of Metabolic Syndrome with Asthma in Postmenopausal Women: Role of Adipokines Murat Aydin,1,6 Cemile Koca,2 Duygu Ozol,3 Sema Uysal,4 Zeki Yildirim,3 Havva Sahin Kavakli,5 and M. Ramazan Yigitoglu4
Abstract—The increasing prevalence of both asthma and obesity are major health problems. Recent studies established a possible link between obesity and asthma; however, the underlying mechanism is not clear. The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal subjects with asthma and search the interactions between adipokines, metabolic syndrome, and asthma. A total of 45 female patients (57.5±13.9 years) with asthma and 30 healthy subjects (59.6±12.8 years) in postmenopausal status were enrolled in this study. For the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, modified World Health Organization diagnostic criteria were used. Blood levels of glucose, lipid profile, HbA1c, insulin, CRP, leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factoralpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were measured. The mean body mass index was 29.6±5.4 for asthma patients and 28.2±5.3 for the control group. The incidence of metabolic syndrome was found as 26 % for both groups. Insulin resistance as calculated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and fasting insulin levels were significantly higher in asthma patients (p10 pack-years, co-morbidity that could potentially increase systemic inflammatory markers like rheumatoid arthritis, any participants taking any medication (including recent oral steroids) which may alter systemic inflammation such as statins or hormonal replacement therapy, the presence of any respiratory symptoms; atopy or airway hyper-responsiveness in the non-asthmatic subjects. This study has been approved by Ethics Committee and complied with the Declaration of Helsinki (date of issue, December 19, 2006; registration number, 10).
Body Mass Index All the subjects’ height and weight were measured by the same person using the same equipment. Weight (in kilograms) was measured by using a calibrated hospital scale with subjects dressed in normal indoor clothing without shoes. Height (in centimeters) was measured against a wall using a fixed tape measure. Body mass index was calculated by dividing body weight to height square (in kilogram per square meter). Patients were evaluated in two groups according to their BMI; BMI≤30 (group 1, non-obese) and BMI>30 (group 2, obese).
Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome For the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, modified WHO diagnostic criteria were used. The WHO definition for MetS [13] required impaired glucose tolerance plus two of the following three disorders: obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2 and/or waist-to-hip ratio >0.9 in men or >0.85 in women), dyslipidemia (triglyceride level 150 mg/dL and/or HDL cholesterol level
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