Interactions of approach motivation and self-regulation in relation to obesity in children
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Interactions of approach motivation and self‑regulation in relation to obesity in children Tyler B. Mason1 · Bridgette Do1 · Genevieve Dunton1,2 Received: 6 June 2019 / Accepted: 11 November 2019 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
Abstract Background Motivation and self-regulation are two psychological systems that have been shown to be related to childhood obesity. Objective This study evaluated independent and interactive associations of approach-oriented motivation (i.e., drive and reward responsiveness) and self-regulation (i.e., self-control and behavioral regulation) in relation to age- and sex-adjusted body mass index-z scores (BMI-z) in children. Methods Children (55% female; Mage = 12.5 years ± .93) completed questionnaires assessing motivation and self-regulation, and anthropometric measurements were taken by research staff cross-sectionally. Results Regressions revealed no independent associations of approach motivation or self-regulation and BMI-z. There were interactions between the drive facet of approach motivation, which assesses motivation to follow goals, and self-regulation in relation to BMI-z. Children with lower motivation to follow goals and lower self-regulation had higher BMI-z, and children with lower motivation to follow goals and higher self-regulation had lower BMI-z. Children with higher motivation to follow goals had similar BMI-z at all levels of self-regulation. Conclusion For children with low motivation to follow goals, self-regulation may be an important buffer of high BMI-z. Level of evidence Level V: cross-sectional descriptive study. Keywords Motivation · Self-regulation · Obesity · Children · Weight
Introduction Overweight and obesity are becoming increasingly prevalent in children [1]. Due to this alarming increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity and the poor outlook of current treatments, there have been calls to elucidate novel psychological phenotypes associated with overweight and obesity, which could potentially lead to personalized treatment development [2, 3]. Psychological phenotyping of obesity involves the elucidation of measurable psychological This article is part of topical collection on topical collection on personality and eating and weight disorders. * Tyler B. Mason [email protected] 1
Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
2
characteristics that distinguish individuals of varying weight statuses [2]. Thus, identifying phenotypes can explain variability in weight outcomes. Two psychological systems that play an important role in behavioral functioning include motivation and self-regulation [4]. Individual differences in motivation and self-regulation may independently and interactively serve as phenotypic traits that affect children’s body weight, although more research is needed to explore this supposition.
Motivation, self‑regulation, and body weight Gray’
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