Interleukin 6 in follicular fluid reduces embryo fragmentation and improves the clinical pregnancy rate
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ASSISTED REPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
Interleukin 6 in follicular fluid reduces embryo fragmentation and improves the clinical pregnancy rate Jie Yang 1 & Xiaoling Yang 1 & Hong Yang 1 & Yang Bai 1 & Hao Zha 1 & Fangjie Jiang 1 & Yushi Meng 1 Received: 14 August 2019 / Accepted: 6 March 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of interleukin 6 in embryo development in the in vitro fertilization cycles. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. One hundred and three women undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer due to a tubal factor were included in the study. The follicular fluid IL-6 levels on oocyte retrieval day from each patient were determined by ELISA. The relationships between follicular fluid IL-6 levels and IVF cycle parameters were investigated. Results The levels of follicular fluid IL-6 were not affected by the use of drugs for superovulation or by estrogen. In addition, follicular fluid IL-6 levels did not affect the number of oocytes retrieved or the MII oocyte rate. High levels of follicular fluid IL-6 correlated with a significant increase in the rates of clinical pregnancy. Follicular fluid IL-6 levels did not affect the cell number or the blastomere symmetry of day 3 embryos, but it did significantly reduce the embryo fragmentation rate. Conclusions High levels of follicular fluid IL-6 improved the rates of clinical pregnancy and reduce embryo fragmentation. Keywords IL-6 . Embryo implantation . Embryo fragmentation . Embryo development potential
Introduction IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine with multiple cellular effects that can vary based on the physiological environment. IL-6 can promote T cell population expansion, B cell differentiation, and keratinocytes proliferation. It can also regulate the acute phase response and various homeostasis functions, including glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance. IL-6 also has an effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the neuroendocrine system, and neuropsychological behavior. In addition, it is involved in the occurrence and development of various cancers [1, 2]. IL-6 may also play an important role in follicular development. The follicular fluid (FF) provides the microenvironment for the grown oocyte [3], and IL-6 is a normal constituent of human follicular fluid [4]. The level of IL-6 in the follicular fluid was significantly higher than in serum [5, 6]. In the natural cycle, there was a significance difference in
* Yushi Meng [email protected] 1
Reproduction Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Dianmian Road 374, Kunming 650101, Yunnan Province, China
the levels of IL-6 in the FF between the middle follicular stage and ovulation stage. This difference reached its peak during the pre-ovulation stage, and it declined in the luteal phase. However, the IL-6 concentrations in the serum demonstrated fewer changes throughout the follicular phase [7]. At the protein level
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