Interrelationship between soil depth and soil properties of Pieniny National Park forest (Poland)
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Interrelationship between soil depth and soil properties of Pieniny National Park forest (Poland) Justyna SOKOŁOWSKA
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6816-9342; e-mail: [email protected]
Agnieszka JÓZEFOWSKA*
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4922-2037;
Karolina WOŹNICA Tomasz ZALESKI
e-mail: [email protected]
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1255-4150; e-mail: [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9785-3784; e-mail: [email protected]
* Corresponding author Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Agrophysics University of Agriculture in Krakow, Poland Citation: Sokołowska J, Józefowska A, Woźnica K, et al. (2019) Interrelationship between soil depth and soil properties of Pieniny National Park forest (Poland). Journal of Mountain Science 16(7). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-019-5441-8 © Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between soil biota such as microbial activity, soil fauna (e.g., earthworms and enchytraeids), and soil physical and chemical properties. The study area was located in Pieniny National Park (PNP) in the Carpathian Mountains in southern Poland. Soil samples were collected from six forest monitoring areas of PNP from two soil layers (at 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm down, respectively). The investigated soils were classified to eutric cambisols and had silt or silt loam soil texture. Upon analysis, soil aggregate stability index was connected with other physical, chemical, and biological soil properties. It was noted that the stability index of 3 mm to 5 mm soil aggregates influenced pH and dissolved organic carbon. The stability index of 2 mm to 3 mm soil aggregates was positively correlated with dissolved organic carbon, soil moisture, microbial biomass carbon, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and enchytraeid density, and negatively correlated with bulk density, particle density, porosity, and permanent wilting point. The stability index of 1 mm to 2 mm soil aggregates was positively correlated with total nitrogen, enchytraeid and earthworm density and negatively correlated with particle density, porosity, and permanent wilting point. The study has Received: 26-Feb-2019 Revised: 18-Apr-2019 Accepted: 16-May-2019
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shown what factors create a stable soil structure in the forest soils of PNP. Keywords: Aggregate stability; Forest soils; Microorganisms; Earthworms; Enchytraeids; Physical properties; Chemical properties.
Introduction Soil structure influences the quality of the soil system as well as plant and animal life. For the soil structure, many aspects such as the size and shape of aggregates, soil pores, water movement and retention, erosion, the content and decomposition of organic matter, the content of inorganic substances, the availability of nutrients and also the growth and development of roots are i
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