Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma induced M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages facilitate tumor growth and invasivene
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PRIMARY RESEARCH
Cancer Cell International Open Access
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma induced M2‑polarized tumor‑associated macrophages facilitate tumor growth and invasiveness Hui Yuan1,2,3, Zelong Lin3, Yingjun Liu4, Yuchuan Jiang3, Ke Liu5, Mengxian Tu6, Nan Yao1, Chen Qu1 and Jian Hong1*
Abstract Background: M2-polarized tumor-associated macrophages (M2-TAMs) have been shown to correlate with the progression of various cancers, including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). However, the interactions and mechanism between M2 macrophages and ICC are not completely clear. We aimed to clarify whether M2 macrophages promote the malignancy of ICC and its mechanism. Methods: Two progressive murine models of ICC were used to evaluate the alterations in different macrophage populations and phenotypes. Furthermore, we assessed M2 macrophage infiltration in 48 human ICC and 15 normal liver samples. The protumor functions and the underlying molecular mechanisms of M2 macrophages in ICC were investigated in an in vitro coculture system. Results: We found that the number of M2 macrophages was significantly higher in ICC tissues than in normal bile ducts in the two murine models. M2 macrophage infiltration was highly increased in peritumoral compared with intratumoral regions and normal liver (p
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