Investigating the influence of assigning a higher priority to scheduling work and school activities in the activity-base
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Investigating the influence of assigning a higher priority to scheduling work and school activities in the activity‑based models on the simulated travel/activity patterns Leila Dianat1 · Khandker Nurul Habib2 · Eric J. Miller2
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Two dynamic, gap-based activity scheduling models are tested by applying a short-run microsimulation approach to replicate workers’ travel/activity patterns over a 1-week time period. In the first model, a two-level work episode scheduling model is applied to schedule weekly work episodes (Dianat et al. in Transp Res Rec 2664:59–68, 2017. https ://doi.org/10.3141/2664-07). This includes joint choices of working or not on each day and work episode duration and start time in case of choosing to work. Assigning higher priority to scheduling work episodes, and assuming night sleep to be pre-determined, provides a weekly “skeleton schedule”. Non-work/school (NWS) episodes are then generated and scheduled in the available gaps as a joint choice of activity type and destination followed by a continuous time expenditure choice. The second model applies the same mathematical framework as the NWS model for scheduling all activity types including work/school, considering only night sleep as the pre-determined skeleton schedule. This exercise allows us to study the impact of assigning a higher priority to scheduling work/school activities on complete out-of-home travel/activity pattern prediction, compared to the alternative hypothesis, which is scheduling all the activities simultaneously. Comparing the simulation outcomes of the two models with the observed dataset reveals that organizing NWS episodes around the schedule skeleton not only is behaviorally more representative but also increases the accuracy of the predicted NWS episodes’ patterns. Moreover, applying the work scheduling model results in a more accurate prediction of the weekly work schedule compared to the second model. Keywords Activity-based · Skeleton · Scheduling · Microsimulation · Hypothesis
* Leila Dianat [email protected] 1
IBI Group, 55 St. Clair Ave West, Toronto, ON M4V 2Y7, Canada
2
Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
Transportation
Introduction Activity-based models (ABMs) emerged to overcome deficiencies in traditional tripbased models. The concept behind ABMs is that travel is a derived demand, motivated by individuals’ needs to participate in spatially distributed activities. Most ABMs in the literature fix individuals’ routine activities and schedule non-work/school (NWS) episodes around them. Work is a primary activity in a worker’s schedule with a regular nature, attributes of which are normally defined by an external agent (employer) within a longer planning horizon (e.g. at least before the commencement of the week) compared to NWS activities. For work episodes that do not have a regular nature the argument of commitm
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