A rock fall of the north Zhongtiao Shan fault and the Yongji earthquake in 793, Shanxi Province, North China
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ORIGINAL PAPER
A rock fall of the north Zhongtiao Shan fault and the Yongji earthquake in 793, Shanxi Province, North China Jianguo Xiong 1,2 & Youli Li 1 & Supei Si 3 & Shenghua Lv 4 & Yiran Wang 1 & Yuezhi Zhong 1 & Weilin Xin 1 & Hongjuan Ci 1
Received: 12 May 2016 / Accepted: 28 October 2016 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2016
Abstract Earthquake is the main driving factor of landslides, and a large number of empirical formulas for seismic parameters have been proposed. This article studies a rock avalanche triggered by a paleoearthquake and two trial trenches in Yongji, Shanxi Province. Six quartz samples were collected from different parts on the top of the boulder, and the youngest 10Be exposure age is 1173 ± 123 years, which is considered as the occurrence time of the rock fall. The trenches excavated near the boulder infer that there was an earthquake between 2000 ± 110 and 465 ± 45 cal a BP in the north Zhongtiao Shan (NZS) fault with a maximum vertical displacement of 1.5 m and the surface rupture length (SRL) of ~35 km corresponding to a magnitude (MS) of 6.70 ± 0.12 based on the displacement. Taking into account the occurrence time and minimum magnitude triggering the rock fall, the latest paleoearthquake revealed by trenches may be the forcing factor. Furthermore, according to historical records of Yongji, the earthquake of magnitude 6 in AD 793 is in consistency with the occurrence time and magnitude of the earthquake triggering the landslide. Therefore, the rock fall is related to the paleoearthquake revealed by the trenches, which may be the 793 Yongji earthquake.
* Jianguo Xiong [email protected]
1
Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2
School of Earth Science and Geological Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
3
China Earthquake Administration, Institute of Crustal Dynamics, Beijing 100085, China
4
Ministry of Land and Resources of the People’s Republic of China, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China
Keywords Rock fall . 10Be . Cosmogenic radionuclide . Paleoearthquake . Historical earthquake . North Zhongtiao Shan fault . Shanxi Graben System
Introduction The main factors inducing the landslides are climate (Sanchez et al. 2010; Dortch et al. 2009; Zerathe et al. 2014; Martin et al. 2014; Merchel et al. 2014) and earthquake (Keefer 1984, 2000, 2002; Rodriguez et al. 1999). Taking advantage of 14C or cosmogenic radionuclides to determine the occurrence time of landslide, comparing with the paleoearthquakes especially the records of the historical earthquake and climate condition, and distinguishing the trigger of landslides have been the main contents of study on earthquake-induced landslides in the past decades. Sanchez et al. (2010) discussed the relation between climate change and landslide inducements, such as the tectonic movement and side slope instability. The climate changes in karst landform, especially the increasing rainfall, may result in the landslides
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