Investigation of Amounts of Vitamins, Lycopene, and Elements in the Fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica Subjected to Differen
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Investigation of Amounts of Vitamins, Lycopene, and Elements in the Fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica Subjected to Different Pretreatments Büşra Bakar 1 & Meltem Çakmak 1 & Muhammad Salihu Ibrahim 2,3 & Dursun Özer 1 & Sinan Saydam 2
&
Fikret Karatas 2
Received: 3 October 2019 / Accepted: 15 January 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, Opuntia ficus-indica fruit was examined in fresh, frozen, sun-dried, and microwave-dried. Analysis of the vitamins in the samples was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The amount of selenium in the fruits was determined by fluorescence spectrophotometer, while copper, iron, manganese, and zinc were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Amount of vitamins in the fruit of Opuntia ficus-indica were decreased (p < 0.005) in sun- and microwave-dried samples in comparison with fresh sample. Decrease of vitamins in frozen fruits was statistically insignificant compared with fresh fruit (p > 0.05). The amounts of selenium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in Opuntia ficus-indica fruit were found to be 0.38 ± 0.03, 23.84 ± 1.82, 94.32 ± 7.04, 13.68 ± 0.88, and 188.44 ± 15.16 μg/g dw, respectively. It can be concluded that the fruit of Opuntia ficus-indica is rich in vitamin E, lycopene, ascorbic acid, nicotine amide, folic acid, iron, and zinc. The most suitable preservation techniques for Opuntia ficus-indica fruits are freezing to consume it in all season. Keywords Opuntia ficus-indica . Frozen . Sun- and microwave-dried . Vitamins . Lycopene . Elements
Introduction Opuntia ficus-indica is a large cactus with edible fruits like figs. It is commonly referred to as prickly pear, Barbary fig, cactus pear, Indian fig, mission fig, smooth prickly pear, or nopal cactus. Opuntia is a xerophyte plant with a high degree of ecological adaptation due to genetic variability and found in almost all climatic conditions [1]. Fruits of Opuntia ficusindica have been used in traditional folk medicine for treating a number of diseases and conditions, like anti-inflammatory effects [2–4], hypoglycemic and hypocholes-terolemic activities [4, 5], inhibition of stomach ulceration [6], and neuroprotective effects [7]. It was reported that various Opuntia spp.
* Sinan Saydam [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
3
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Technology, Kano State Polytechnic, Kano, Nigeria
showed protective properties for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, and cancer [8]. Cactus pear extracts effectively inhibited cell growth in several different immortalized cancer cell cultures, suppressed tumor growth in nude mice [9]. It was reported by Abd El Razek and Hasan [10] that after administration of cactus fruit juice to alloxan-induced diabetic rats that they observed a positive effect
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