Investigation of porous media effects on lithium-ion battery thermal management
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Investigation of porous media effects on lithium‑ion battery thermal management Amirreza Kaabinejadian1 · Hesam Ami Ahmadi1 · Mahdi Moghimi1 Received: 7 February 2020 / Accepted: 1 April 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract The utilization of porous media and its effects on thermal management of internally cooled lithium-ion battery with the aid of porous media has been investigated. Two different configurations of the porous zone have been studied through threedimensional transient thermal analysis of prismatic lithium-ion battery with liquid electrolyte as a coolant. At first, both configurations of the porous zone were investigated in pursuit of detecting the optimum configuration. Afterward, the effects of various materials, porosities and pores sizes were explored on the standard deviation of the temperature field and maximum temperature inside the battery in the optimum porous zone configuration. In the end, the utilization of the response surface method due to the parametric study and discover the most crucial parameters in battery performance was scrutinized. Compared to the non-inclined porous, the inclined porous zone case decreases the standard deviation of the temperature field significantly. Using the inclined porous zone also indicates that decreasing porosity results in the enhancement of both maximum temperature and standard deviation of the temperature about 20.75%. Hence, the increment of pore size results in decreasing maximum temperature inside the battery, while it could help the standard deviation of the temperature to be improved by about 24.88%. Keywords Lithium-ion battery pack · Porous media · Internal cooling · Thermal management · Hybrid electric vehicle List of symbols p∞ Ambient pressure (kPa) C0 Battery capacity hc Convection coefficient (W m−2 K−1) V Voltage of cell (V) Da Darcy number I Discharge current (A) i Discharge current per unit volume (A m−3) ΔS Entropy generation (J mol−1 K−1) E Energy (kJ) F Faraday number (C mol−1) Dh Hydraulic diameter Q̇ Heat generation rate (W) pin Inlet pressure (kPa) uin Inlet velocity (m s−1) Ain Inlet area (m2) Ri Internal equivalent resistance of unit volume (Ω m3)
C Inertial resistance (m−1) 𝜈 Kinematic viscosity (m2 s−1) Nu Nusselt number pout Outlet pressure (kPa) U Open-circuit voltage (V) Pr Prandtl number P Pumping power (W) K Permeability Re Reynolds number pstatic Static pressure (kPa) Sfh Source term 𝛼 Thermal diffusivity (m2 s−1) T Temperature (K) k Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1) t Time (s) V̇ Volumetric flow rate (m3 s−1) 𝜐 Velocity (m s−1) D Viscous resistance (m−2)
* Mahdi Moghimi [email protected]
Greek letters 𝜌 Density 𝛾 Porosity 𝜏 Stress tensor 𝜆 Thermal conductivity
1
School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
𝜐⃗ Velocity tensor 𝜇 Viscosity Subscripts P Porous np Non-porous in Inlet S Solid f Fluid Abbreviations CS Carbon steel CE Cooling efficiency LIB Lithium-io
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