Investigation of ZnO/Waterborne Polyurethane Hybrid Coatings for Corrosion Protection of AISI 1018 Carbon Steel Substrat
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. TORRES-HUERTA, M.A. DOMI´NGUEZ-CRESPO, and A.C. FERREL-A´LVAREZ are with the Instituto Polite´cnico Nacional, CICATA-Altamira, km. 14.5 Carretera Tampico-Puerto Industrial Altamira, C.P. 89600, Altamira, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Contact e-mail: [email protected] D. DEL ANGEL-LO´PEZ is with the Instituto Polite´cnico Nacional, CICATA-Altamira and also with Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenierı´ a y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico. Contact e-mail: [email protected] D. PALMA-RAMI´REZ is with the Instituto Polite´cnico Nacional, CMP+L, Av. Acueducto s/n, la Laguna Ticoma´n, C.P. 07340, Mexico City, Mexico. S.B. BRACHETTI-SIBAJA is with the TecNM, Instituto Tecnolo´gico de Cd. Madero, Ave. Primero de Mayo s/n Col. Los Mangos Cd, C.P. 89440, Madero Tamps, Mexico. Manuscript submitted February 1, 2019.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
INTRODUCTION
IN the past, the development of coatings was focused on obtaining high performance and good appearance, without considering the environmental impact generated by them. In this context, excellent coatings were developed to effectively delay the corrosion of metals as well as for many other applications. Currently, researchers have been focused on the development of sustainable coatings due to the environmental impact generated by solvent-borne coatings. One of the most promising alternatives is the synthesis of coatings using waterborne polyurethane (WBPU). These coatings are characterized by an important reduction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are some of the main components of environmental
pollution. WBPU are polymers dispersed in water containing urethane and urea groups combined with aliphatic di-isocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) that act as precursors.[1–3] On the other hand, the generation of new alternatives to avoid the corrosion process on metallic substrates is still of great importance in the coating industry. The main goal of using coatings is to create a protective barrier between the material and corrosive environment.[4–7] WBPU coatings have been used in different applications,[8,9] among them anticorrosive coatings have been proposed[10,11]; unfortunately, this kind of coatings exhibits poor durability, creating microcracks or pores in the presence of an aggressive environment. The incorporation of inorganic nanostructures such as Ce(NO3)3,[12] ZnO,[13] SiO2,[14] and graphene oxide[15] has been proposed to improve the anticorrosion properties without affecting the mechanical behavior in operation.[16] Particularly, ZnO nanoparticles with different shapes (spherical, rod-like, wire-like, and flower-like) have been evaluated with both proposed barrier properties and ultraviolet light (UV) blocking agents, where smaller particle size and spherical morphology have been reported to display better UV blocking features.[17–21] The production method and synthesis parameters can modulate the ZnO size and shape influencing the dispersion of nanoarrays in the polymer matrix. T
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