Investigation on Cadmium Ions Removal from Water by a Nanomagnetite Based Biochar Derived from Eleocharis Dulcis
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Investigation on Cadmium Ions Removal from Water by a Nanomagnetite Based Biochar Derived from Eleocharis Dulcis Salah Ud Din1 · Ajmal Azeez1 · Zain‑ul‑Abdin1 · Sirajul Haq1 · Muhammad Hafeez1 · Muhammad Imran2 · Sajjad Hussain3 · Saleh S. Alarfaji4 Received: 7 June 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Poor separation of powdered biochar from the liquid phase during toxic heavy metals adsorption poses serious environmental and human health challenges. The current study therefore investigated the removal of toxic heavy metal i.e., cadmium using a magnetically modified biochar derived from Eleocharis dulcis to combine its easy separation from liquid phase with enhanced adsorption capacity obtained from Eleocharis dulcis biochar. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized by using various characterization techniques and its performance for cadmium adsorption was studied at varying parameters of time, temperature, pH and concentration. Both equilibrium and kinetic studies were performed at 30, 35, 40 and 45 °C. The equilibrium data was subjected to Langmuir equation and the thermodynamic parameters like ∆S°, ∆H° and ∆G° were calculated. The kinetic data fitted well to pseudo second order equation and the activation energy was calculated by using Arrhenius equation. The adsorption capacity of cadmium was found to be higher on the surface of magnetite biochar derived from Eleocharis dulcis as compared to many of the reported adsorbents proving it to be an effective adsorbent to remove cadmium from aqueous solutions. Keywords Magnetite biochar · Cadmium · Adsorption
1 Introduction Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal of great environmental and occupational concern. Cadmium is generated mostly as a waste after smelting, mining, purifying sulphide ores of zinc, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-020-01758-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Salah Ud Din [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
2
Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
3
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
4
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
cement industry and to some extent in copper, lead and textile industries [1, 2]. Cadmium is poisonous at extremely low levels. The maximum allowed limit for cadmium (Cd) in drinking water is 0.003 mg L −1 allowed by WHO. Its long term use can result in anosmia (loss of sense of smell), anemia, heart diseases, osteoporosis, renal problems and amnesia. Cadmium when combined with aspartate ligands, glutamate, histidine and cysteine, can cause iron deficiency. Moreover, bone damage o
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