Investigation on Carbon-Deposition Behavior from Heating Cycle Gas in Oxygen Blast Furnace Process
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INTRODUCTION
IN recent years, the importance of minimizing carbon dioxide emissions in the steel industry has emerged as a critical concern in slowing the rate of global warming,[1] and some joint projects are proposed to develop technologies against high energy consumption as well as tremendous greenhouse gas emission in steel plants,[2] such as ultralow-CO2 steelmaking in Europe.[3] Accordingly, many new strategies for lowering the reducing agent rate in the operation of a blast furnace have been proposed.[4]Among such strategies, the use of auxiliary fuels, e.g., blast furnace gas with CO2 removed, has attracted particular attention because the fuels are rich in reducing species such as carbon monoxide.[5] Since the 1970s, scholars in Europe and the United States have conducted long-term and systematic research on the oxygen blast furnace technological process and presented more than 10 kinds of new oxygen blast furnace processes such as the Fink process,[6] Lu process,[7] OCF process,[8] etc. Japanese scholars proposed the NKK process in the 1980s.[9] Qin et al.[10] proposed the FOBF process, an oxygen blast furnace process studied in China in the 1980s, and the authors carried out theoretical analysis and experimental research. Hooey et al. proposed the oxygen blast furnace ironmaking technology, which is a new ironmaking JINZHOU LIU, Doctor, JINGSONG WANG, Professor, XUEFENG SHE, Lecturer, SHIYANG ZHANG, Master Student, and QINGGUO XUE, Professor, are with the State Key Laboratory of Iron and Steel Metallurgy New Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China. Contact e-mail: xueqingguo@ustb. edu.cn Manuscript submitted January 1, 2013. Article published online November 11, 2014. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
process to achieve large-scale application.[11] Developing this new process could reduce the coke rate, increase productivity,[12] and be favorable to greatly decrease CO2 emissions.[13] The main characteristics[14] of oxygen blast furnace process are the oxygen used in place of traditional hot air, a large amount of coal injection and recycling, and the use of top gas injected into the blast furnace by removing CO2. However, the heating and transport of cycle gas after CO2 removal could lead to the occurrence of carbon deposition in which powder is produced for damaging the heating equipment and blocking the pipeline. Furthermore, this point must affect blast furnace productivity, the use ratio of CO, gas flow movement, etc., and it should be significant to the actual production. Regarding previous work, many researchers have done a lot about carbon deposition. The catalytic effect of iron on carbon deposition[15] and influence of the reaction on morphological changes in an iron catalyst[16] had been investigated, and lowering the limit of the PCO/ (PCO+PCO2) value in CO-CO2 mixtures by enhancing the carbon deposition[17] had been discussed under the metal iron condition. During reduction under the lowtemperature carbon deposition,[18] the influence of thi
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