Numerical Study of the Reduction Process in an Oxygen Blast Furnace
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teel production processes mainly consist of iron and steel integrated plants (BF/BOF process) and scrap electric furnace enterprise (SC/EAF process). Approximately two-thirds of the global annual steel production utilizes the integrated process; therefore, blast furnace has a pivotal position in the steel industry. Although the blast furnace hot metal production is an efficient process, it also has some problems, particularly in the energy consumption and environmental protection aspects. In 2010, CO2 discharged from the iron and steel industry accounted for approximately 15 pct of the total CO2 emissions in China.[1] Moreover, in the energy structure of the steel industry, about 70 pct energy consumption occurred in the ironmaking process.[2] However, the energy and environmental problems, especially the greenhouse gas emission, have become a hot topic, so the traditional blast furnace process is facing tremendous pressure from energy-saving and ZONGLIANG ZHANG, Master Student, JIALE MENG, Research Assistant, LEI GUO, Ph.D. Candidate, and ZHANCHENG GUO, Professor, are with the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, No.30, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript submitted March 2, 2015 METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
environmental protection. Recently, in order to solve this problem, many innovative blast furnace production processes have been proposed, such as the use of high reducibility burden,[3] the hydrogen-rich fuel injection,[4] and the use of carbon-containing pellets[5] as well as the hot charge operation.[6] In addition, the non-blast furnace ironmaking processes such as COREX[7] have been developed and put into industrial production. However, these processes are currently in experimental pilot-scale test stages or did not achieve the desired energy-saving effect in the industrial application. In the oxygen blast furnace ironmaking process,[8,9] the oxygen replaces the hot blast in a traditional blast furnace, and the top gas recycles after the removal of CO2 and H2O. This process has the merits of high pulverized coal injection (PCI) rate, low coke rate, high productivity, high gas quality, etc. Meanwhile, due to the decrease of CO2 and NOx emissions, oxygen blast furnace is more environmental friendly compared to the traditional blast furnace, which has environmental significance in the context of emphasizing global environmental protection and low-carbon economy today. In addition, the increasingly scarce resources of coking coal, rising prices of coke, and heavy dependence on coke put enormous cost pressures on the traditional blast furnace process. In the oxygen blast furnace process, as the coal injection ratio increases, coal is likely to replace coke as the main energy source in
ironmaking, which indicates important economic implications for the blast furnace process. However, the realization of the oxygen blast furnace ironmaking process faces two key challenges:[8] As a
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