Investigation on structural, elemental, thermal, mechanical, linear, and nonlinear optical nature of potassium pentabora
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Investigation on structural, elemental, thermal, mechanical, linear, and nonlinear optical nature of potassium pentaborate tetrahydrate inorganic single crystals S. Chidambaram1 · A. David Kalaimani Raj2 · R. Manimekalai1 Received: 20 October 2019 / Accepted: 5 May 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Potassium pentaborate tetrahydrate (PPBTH) is an inorganic nonlinear optical single crystal. It was grown by slow evaporation solution growth method at room temperature and physical properties there are studied. The lattice parameters of grown crystal were determined using single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The functional group of various vibrational modes was assigned using FTIR spectrum. The optical transmittance, optical band gap, optical constants, and extinction coefficient were determined by recording UV–Vis–NIR spectrum. The fluorescence study confirmed the green emission of PPBTH. Vickers hardness test estimates the mechanical properties for various loads. This material exhibited the soft material category. The magnetic properties of PPBTH were studied by vibrating sample magnetometer. Thermal behaviours of the grown crystals have been investigated using TGA/DTA analysis. The nonlinear optical studies confirm the second harmonic generation signal of the grown sample. Keywords Crystal growth · Single-crystal XRD · Optical studies · SHG analysis · Magnetic property
1 Introduction Growing crystals of desired size and shape are still considered as an art. Every day, new crystals are being grown and new devices are coming out using these crystals. In recent years, the synthesis of nonlinear optical (NLO) materials has been extensively investigated than other materials due to their potential application as versatile tools and devices in the fields of photonics and optoelectronics. Even though organic NLO crystals possess high non-centrosymmetric behaviour and large nonlinear susceptibilities, they have low optical, thermal, and mechanical properties [1, 2]. Inorganic crystals are ionic bonded crystals, which are highly and chemically inactive. Inorganic crystals with high melting point and mechanical stability are required in a variety of applications like piezoelectricity, ferroelectricity, and * R. Manimekalai [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi, Tamil Nadu 613 503, India
Department of Physics, BDUMC, Aranthangi, Tamil Nadu 614 616, India
2
electro-optics. Inorganic materials are also used in frequency conversion, which is a popular technique for extending the useful wavelength range of lasers. The well-known, most important inorganic crystals are potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP), caesium lithium borate (CLB), potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP), and potassium pentaborate (KB5) [3–8]. The same title crystals have been grown by various authors [9, 10]. We have chosen the different chemical route to grow the same title crystal. In addi
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