Ionic Liquid Properties From Molten Salts to RTILs
This volume deals with substances in the liquid state that range from high melting salts, such as calcium fluoride, through slags, such as silicates, down to lower melting salts, such as lithium nitrate, molten hydrated salts, such as magnesium chloride h
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Ionic Liquid Properties From Molten Salts to RTILs
Ionic Liquid Properties
Yizhak Marcus
Ionic Liquid Properties From Molten Salts to RTILs
Yizhak Marcus Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem, Israel
ISBN 978-3-319-30311-6 ISBN 978-3-319-30313-0 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-30313-0
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016938795 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland
Contents
1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 List of Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 3 6
2
The Properties of Ions Constituting Ionic Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 The Properties of Isolated Ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 The Sizes of Ions in Condensed Phases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . .
7 7 19 23
3
High-Melting Salts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 The Liquid Range of High-Melting Salts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Structural Aspects from Diffraction Measurements and Computer Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.1 X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Molten Salts . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.2 Neutron Diffraction Studies of Molten Salts . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.3 EXAFS Studies of Molten Salts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.4 Modeling of Molten Salts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.5 Computer Simulation Studies of Molten Salts . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Static Thermochemical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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