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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

IPDN-China promotes the development of pediatric dialysis in China Yihui Zhai 1 & Xiaorong Liu 2 & Qing Yang 3 & Xiqiang Dang 4 & Shuzhen Sun 5 & Xiaoshan Shao 6 & Xuemei Liu 7 & Yubin Wu 8 & Haitao Bai 9 & Jianhua Mao 10 & Yang Dong 11 & Qingshan Ma 12 & Guogui Kang 13 & Wenyan Huang 14 & Hongtao Zhu 15 & Rui Fu 16 & Aihua Zhang 17 & Ruiying Xu 18 & Qing Sun 19 & Xiaoyun Jiang 20 & Liwen Lai 21 & Jianping Huang 22 & Jiangwei Luan 23 & Zhengkun Xia 24 & Jianjun Cui 25 & Mengzhun Zhao 26 & Xiaolin Wu 27 & Qiuye Zhang 28 & Yufeng Li 29 & Cuihua Liu 30 & Mo Wang 31 & Feiyan Wang 32 & Yuhong Tao 33 & Zhimin Huang 34 & Dongfeng Zhang 35 & Bo Zhao 36 & Chaoying Chen 37 & Chunlin Huang 38 & Xia Gao 39 & Qian Shen 1 & Ying Shen 2 & Hong Xu 1 & on behalf of IPDN-China investigators Received: 30 December 2019 / Revised: 16 May 2020 / Accepted: 27 May 2020 # IPNA 2020

Abstract Background In mainland China, dialysis for children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was not introduced until the 1980s. To describe the development of pediatric dialysis in different regions of China, a national pediatric dialysis network, namely, International Pediatric Dialysis Network-China (IPDN-China) (www.pedpd.org.cn), was launched in 2012. Methods Original and updated information from the renal centers registered with the IPDN-China was collected between 2012 and 2016 from two sources, namely, the registry and the survey, and demographic features were analyzed. Results Due to promotion by the IPDN-China, the number of registered renal centers increased from 12 to 39 between 2012 and 2016, with a significant increase in the coverage of the Chinese administrative divisions (from 26.5 to 67.6%) (p < 0.01); and the coverage of the pediatric (0~14 years old) population increased to nearly 90% in 2016. The distribution of renal centers indicated that East China had the highest average number of registered centers per million population (pmp) 0~14-year-old age group. Seventeen relatively large dialysis centers were distributed across 14 divisions. Various modalities of renal replacement therapy (RRT) were available in most centers. The IPDN-China has promoted collaborations between dieticians, psychologists, and social workers on dialysis teams to provide better service to children with ESRD and their families. The proportion of centers with all three types of paramedic support (i.e., dieticians, psychologists, and social workers) as well as the proportion of centers with a partial paramedic team significantly increased between 2012 (25.0%) and 2016 (69.2%) (p < 0.05). In terms of the point prevalent cases of patients (aged < 18 years), data from the survey of 39 registered centers revealed that the number of children with ESRD who were on RRT was 578 (49% received a kidney transplant) at the end of 2016, which was more than that reported in previous surveys. Data from the registry showed that 349 dialysis patients had been enrolled as of the end of 2016. The median age at RRT start was 9.5 years, and the leading cause of ESRD wa