Iridoids and seco -iridoids from the leaves of Cephalanthus glabratus (Spreng.) K.Schum
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BIOCHEMISTRY & PHYSIOLOGY - SHORT COMMUNICATION
Iridoids and seco‑iridoids from the leaves of Cephalanthus glabratus (Spreng.) K.Schum Lamberto Tomassini1 · Antonio Ventrone1 · Claudio Frezza1 · Sebastiano Foddai1 · Mauro Serafini1 Received: 30 July 2020 / Revised: 5 October 2020 / Accepted: 14 October 2020 / Published online: 28 October 2020 © Botanical Society of Sao Paulo 2020
Abstract In this work, the first phytochemical analysis on Cephalanthus glabratus (Spreng.) K.Schum. regarding its composition in iridoids was reported. The analysis was carried out by following current usual methodologies in the extraction, separation and identification procedures. Four compounds were isolated, i.e., the iridoid loganin (1) and the seco-iridoids sweroside (2), secologanin (3) and secoxyloganin (4). Their presence allowed to provide important confirmations about the chemotaxonomy of the genus and the family this species belongs to. Keywords Cephalanthus glabratus · Chemotaxonomy · Cinchonoideae · Iridoids · Rubiaceae · Secoiridoids
1 Introduction Cephalanthus glabratus (Spreng.) K.Schum., belonging to the family Rubiaceae (sub-family Cinchonoideae, tribe Naucleeae), is an upright shrub up to 2 m tall. Its leaves are dark green, caduceus, simple, wide, ovate-lanceolate and slightly petiolate. The flowers have a small calex and are white or yellowish. The fruits are small, dry, indehiscent, surrounded by the persistent calyx and colored in dark brown (Siegloch et al. 2011). The species is native to Brazil, Uruguay and Northern Argentina, where it grows near rivers and lakes and represents the vegetation closest to water also favoring the habitat for the herons nesting. In the literature, the works about this species mainly treat about its ecological and botanical aspects (Romero et al. 2017, 2019; Wolff Kettenhuber et al. 2019). Indeed, only three works deal with its phytochemistry (Hnatyszyn et al. 1976; Phillipson et al. 1982; Marinho Jorge et al. 2006), evidencing the presence of terpenoids, phenolics and tannins plus some specific alkaloids and ursolic acid. In this work, the iridoidic fraction of Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-020-00667-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Lamberto Tomassini [email protected] 1
Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
C. glabratus was studied for the first time. The main scope was to provide a wider overview on the chemotaxonomy of this species inside the genus and the family, since iridoids and seco-iridoids are generally considered as chemotaxonomic markers of several plant families (Tomassini et al. 2014, 2018; Venditti et al. 2018; Frezza et al. 2019a, 2019b).
2 Materials and methods General – NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance III 400 MHz instrument with chemical shifts expressed in ppm. The internal solvent signals CD2HOD (m5, δH 3.31 ppm, m7, δC 49.10 ppm) and H
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