Is l -arabinose important for the endophytic lifestyle of Pseudomonas spp.?
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Is L-arabinose important for the endophytic lifestyle of Pseudomonas spp.? Natalia Malfanova • Faina Kamilova • Shamil Validov • Vladimir Chebotar • Ben Lugtenberg
Received: 17 May 2012 / Revised: 20 August 2012 / Accepted: 23 August 2012 / Published online: 7 September 2012 Ó Springer-Verlag 2012
Abstract Twenty endophytic bacteria were isolated from surface-sterilized stems and roots of cucumber plants. After removal of potential siblings and human pathogens, the remaining seven strains were identified based on their 16S rDNA as Pseudomonas fluorescens (2 strains) and P. putida (5 strains). Three strains, namely P. fluorescens CS1, P. fluorescens CR2 and P. putida CR3, were able to suppress tomato foot and root rot (TFRR). Special attention was paid to the characterization of the BIOLOG carbon oxidation profiles of the isolated pseudomonads in order to identify nutrients which might be important for their endophytic lifestyle. Comparative analysis of the profiles of these seven strains with those of seven rhizospheric
Pseudomonas spp. revealed that endophytes were able to oxidize L-arabinose and 2,3-butanediol significantly more often than the rhizospheric group. An independent growth experiment performed in tubes using L-arabinose and 2,3-butanediol as sole carbon sources showed the same results as seen using BIOLOG for L-arabinose, but not for 2,3-butanediol. Since L-arabinose is one of the most abundant sugars in xylem of cucumber plants and was not detected in their rhizosphere, our data suggest that utilization of L-arabinose might be a trait contributing to the endophytic lifestyle of the isolated Pseudomonas endophytes. Keywords BIOLOG
Endophytic Pseudomonas Biocontrol
Communicated by Theo Hansen.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00203-012-0842-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. N. Malfanova (&) F. Kamilova S. Validov B. Lugtenberg Institute of Biology, Sylvius Laboratory, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] N. Malfanova V. Chebotar All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg, Russia Present Address: F. Kamilova Koppert Biological Systems, Veilingweg 14, P.O.Box 155, 2650 AD Berkel en Rodenrijs, The Netherlands Present Address: S. Validov Federal Centre of Toxicology, Radiation and Biological Security, Nauchny Gorodok, 2, 420075 Kazan, Tatarstan Republic, Russia
Introduction Plants live in association with many bacteria which can be classified as rhizobacteria, epiphytic bacteria and endophytic bacteria. Endophytic bacteria are referred to as those which are able to colonize plants internally without causing any apparent harm. Due to their endophytic lifestyle, bacterial endophytes establish a more stable and long-lasting relationship with a plant than other plant-associated bacteria do (Hardoim et al. 2008). In addition, some endophytic bacteria have benefici
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