Is the presence of HCMV components in CNS tumors a glioma-specific phenomenon?
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Is the presence of HCMV components in CNS tumors a glioma-specific phenomenon? Daling Ding1, Ailing Zhao2, Zhi Sun3, Lihua Zuo3, Anhua Wu4 and Jianrui Sun1*
Abstract Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been associated with malignant gliomas. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the presence of HCMV in common non-glial tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) and to determine whether it is a glioma-specific phenomenon. Methods: Using HCMV-specific immunohistochemical staining, HCMV proteins IE1–72 and pp65 were examined in 65 meningiomas (benign, atypical and malignant), 45 pituitary adenomas, 20 cavernous hemangiomas, and 30 metastatic carcinomas specimens. HCMV DNA was also measured in these tumor tissues and the peripheral blood from patients using nested PCR. Results: In meningioma, IE1–72 was detected in 3.1% (2/65) and pp65 was detected in 4.6% (3/65), whereas no IE1–72 and pp65 were detected in atypical and malignant meningioma. A low level of IE1–72 immunoreactivity 6.7% (2/30) was detected in metastatic carcinoma; pp65 was not detected. No HCMV components were detected in pituitary adenoma and cavernous hemangioma. The results of immunohistochemical staining were confirmed by HCMV-specific PCR. HCMV DNA was not detected in the peripheral blood of the non-glial CNS tumors patients. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the presence of HCMV components is not an entirely glioma-specific phenomenon, and that HCMV is present in a low percentage in some non-glioma CNS tumors. Comparing HCMVpositive non-glial CNS tumors with HCMV-positive gliomas may cast light on the mechanism and role of HCMV in CNS tumors. Keywords: Glioma, Human cytomegalovirus, Central nervous system, Immunohistochemistry
Background It has been reported that viral infections may be responsible for specific human cancers worldwide [1–3]. One example is of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), which is carried by the majority of the population worldwide. HCMV is a leading cause of opportunistic and congenital disease and is the most frequent infectious cause of developmental disorders of the CNS in humans [4, 5]. Some scholars [6–10] reported the presence of active HCMV infection in gliomas. Our previous study detected HCMV IE1 immunoreactivity in 76.1% of glioma specimens of various grades, and pp65 in 65.7%, whereas * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
HCMV proteins and viral gene expression were not detected in control brain tissue specimens [11], a finding consistent with the results of Cobbs et al. [7] and Mitchell et al. [12]. We also observed that the presence of HCMV components does not correlate with the prognosis and other risk factors of glioma patients. Our previous study suggested that the presence and role of HCMV in gliomas may be dependent upon the specific local tumor microenvironment [11]. If a
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