Is there an association between sarcoidosis and atherosclerosis?
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Is there an association between sarcoidosis and atherosclerosis? Yusuf Yilmaz1 · Seref Kul1 · Murat Kavas2 · Hayriye Erman3 · Gonul Aciksari1 · Fatma Betul Ozcan1 · Emre Yalcinkaya4 · Asiye Kanbay5 · Mustafa Caliskan1 Received: 24 June 2020 / Accepted: 19 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic chronic inflammatory disease that the specific etiology is not known clearly. The aim of this study is, to investigate the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction by using carotid intimamedia thickness and flow-mediated dilatation measurements, measuring the copeptin values, which is a stress marker, and interpreting the association of copeptin values with these two variables in sarcoidosis patients without conventional risk factors for coronary artery disease. Seventy-four patients (50 f, 24 m) with histopathological diagnosis of sarcoidosis and 60 healthy volunteers (35 f, 25 m) with similar sociodemographic characteristics were included in this study. CIMT, FMD, and serum copeptin levels of all participants were measured. The values of CIMT and Copeptin in sarcoidosis patients were significantly higher (p = 0.001, p 120 g/day), cigarette use, hyperlipidemia, treated for sarcoidosis at the time of admission or who had received treatment (such as glucocorticoids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or biologic agents) in the past three months were excluded from the study. Being treated with insulin or oral agents or having a fasting glucose level of ≥ 126 mg/dl was used for the presence of diabetes. Hypertension was defined by systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, taking antihypertensive treatment, or a combination of the three. Hyperlipidemia was defined as total cholesterol level ≥ 200 mg/dl, taking of lipid-lowering treatment, or both. Also, patients with abnormal basal electrocardiography (eg presence of Q waves, left bundle branch block, or T-wave or ST-segment changes specific to myocardial ischemia) were excluded. Sixty age and gender-matched healthy volunteers (35 female, 25 male) with similar characteristics, who applied to the cardiology outpatient clinic for routine control and who did not have exclusion criteria for the study were included in this study. Sarcoidosis classified into 5 stages with a chest radiograph: stage 0: normal chest radiograph, stage I: bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, stage II: bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and parenchymal disease, stage III: parenchymal disease without bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, and stage IV: end-stage lung disease [17].
Methods
Fasting morning venous blood samples for the determination of copeptin were collected into EDTA tubes both from patient and control groups. After centrifugation, plasma samples were stored at − 80 °C, and kept at + 4 °C, to one night before testing. Copeptin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) using a commercially available kit; Human CPP (Copeptin) ELISA Kit (Elabscience Biotechnology Co. Lt
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