Islamic State and the Coming Global Confrontation

This book analyzes the origins and organizational structure of Islamic State (IS), examining its military triumphs and success in securing new recruits via social media. From its base in Iraq and Syria, IS has spread globally with 17 regional affiliates f

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Hussein Solomon

Islamic State and the Coming Global Confrontation

Hussein Solomon

Islamic State and the Coming Global Confrontation

Hussein Solomon University of the Free State Bloemfontein, South Africa

ISBN 978-3-319-30718-3 ISBN 978-3-319-30719-0 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-30719-0

(eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2016939231 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This publication would not have been possible without the financial support of the National Research Foundation in South Africa. The support from Prof. Theo Neethling, my Head of Department at the University of the Free State, also allowed me the space to pursue my research uninterrupted.

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ABBREVIATIONS

AQAP AQI AQIM AU CENTCOM CIA DEA ECOWAS EU GCC HDP IRGC IS ISF ISI ISIS NATO NSC OIC PEGIDA PKK STTEP UN YPG

Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula Al Qaeda in Iraq Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb African Union United States’ Central Command Central Intelligence Agency United States’ Drug Enforcement Agency Economic Community of West African States European Union Gulf Co-operation Council Peoples’ Democratic Party Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps Islamic State Iraqi Special Forces Islamic State of Iraq Islamic State in Iraq and Great Syria North Atlantic Treaty Organization United States’ National Security Council Organization of the Islamic Conference Patriotic Europeans Against the Islamification of the West Kurdistan Workers’ Party Specialized Tasks, Training, Equipment and Protection United Nations Syrian Kurdish Protection Units

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CONTENTS

1

The Rise of the Islamic State Introduction Origins of Islamic State: What’s in a Name? Caliph Al-Baghdadi Islamic State Spreads Its Tentacles

2

Accounting for Islamic State’s Ap