Isolation and Characterization of Indigenous Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) from Cardamom Rhizosphere
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Isolation and Characterization of Indigenous Plant Growth‑Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) from Cardamom Rhizosphere Pottekkat Sidharthan Panchami1 · Kalyanasundaram Geetha Thanuja1 · Subburamu Karthikeyan1,2 Received: 28 September 2019 / Accepted: 6 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The present study was conducted to explore the native plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacteria from cardamom rhizosphere in few districts of Kerala and Tamilnadu under cardamom cultivation. The isolates obtained were screened for their PGP characteristics and their beneficial effect on cardamom was evaluated. Of the total 88 isolates, ten were screened as promising based on their performance in growth promoting attributes such as production of indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid, siderophore, hydrogen cyanide, heavy metal tolerance and antibiotic resistance. Diazotrophy of the screened isolates were tested by nitrogenase assay and evaluated using the diversity of nif genes. Genetic analysis was carried out to assess the phylogenetic relationship using 16S rRNA sequencing. The phylogenetic analysis exhibited clear clustering of isolates into three phyla namely Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and γ-proteobacteria. Majority of the isolates were grouped into Bacillus and Pseudomonas at genus level. Three different plant inoculation study at nursery and field level, viz., Bacillus subtilis TAUC1, Bacillus subtilis TAUC2 and Pseudomonas putida TAUC10. The combined inoculation of bioinoculants were superior over individual inoculation with respect to growth, soil and plant nutrient content, biochemical constituents, rhizosphere population, soil enzyme activities and yield. Hence the present study reveals the potential effect of PGPR for bioinoculant production for enhancing growth and development of cardamom under field conditions.
Introduction Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton, a perennial herb commonly called as Indian cardamom and widely recognized as ‘Queen of spices’. Their native is tropical evergreen forests of Western Ghats and is mostly cultivated in higher altitude regions of south India and accounts for cultivable area of 69,330 ha with production of 20,640 t during 2018 [1]. However, India being the second largest producer of cardamom, the production and productivity is declining which are contributed by variety of factors like inadequate quality and quantity of planting materials, reluctance on proper Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-020-02116-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Subburamu Karthikeyan [email protected] 1
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Directorate of Natural Resource Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
2
pest and nutrient management, improper resource use [2]. Owing to the impact of climate change, the crop has
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