Kelp in IMTAs: small variations in inorganic nitrogen concentrations drive different physiological responses of Sacchari
- PDF / 990,746 Bytes
- 14 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 79 Downloads / 200 Views
Kelp in IMTAs: small variations in inorganic nitrogen concentrations drive different physiological responses of Saccharina latissima L. Rugiu 1
&
M. S. Hargrave 1
&
S. Enge 1
&
M. Sterner 2
&
G. M. Nylund 1 & H. Pavia 1
Received: 7 July 2020 / Revised and accepted: 8 November 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Kelps can be included in integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) where their growth and quality might benefit from the nutrient load released by other species like finfish and mussels transforming effluents from the cultured animals into valuable products. We studied how different nutrient concentrations affect growth, photosynthesis, chemical composition and pigment content of the kelp Saccharina latissima. We exposed kelps to natural seawater, water enriched to levels of ammonium and nitrate simulating finfish cage waste (IMTA1) and a combination of such enrichment with natural effluents coming from mussels (IMTA2). The algal biomass was higher and produced elevated total organic content when exposed to both IMTA1 and IMTA2. The photosynthetic responses in terms of relative electron transfer rate (rETRmax), PSII saturation irradiance (Ek) and total nitrogen content were also positively affected by both IMTA1 and IMTA2. We found a significant enhancement in pigment content only when algae were exposed to the strongest enrichment of our study (IMTA2). Finally, we found a positive relationship between rETRmax and growth, and the content of chlorophyll a and fucoxanthin. Our results show significant physiological responses of S. latissima to nutrient enrichment mimicking IMTA settings, as well as the benefit of added nutrients through a boost in photosynthetic activity that leads to higher kelp biomass and pigment production. This study suggests that modest nitrogen enrichment such as the one in our IMTA2 setup is enough to generate not only higher kelp biomass, but also an increased biomass quality with potentially higher market value. Keywords Aquaculture . Kelp . Phaeophyceae . Nutrients . Photosynthesis . Pigments . Bioactive compounds
Introduction The aquaculture industry has a significant and growing role in providing food and livelihood to our society (FAO 2018). The cultivation of fed species such as finfish and crustaceans in aquaculture guarantees a predominant source of animal proteins to over one billion people globally (Pradeepkiran 2019). However, this production is often the target of concerns for the sustainability of its practice, in particular for the large amounts of nutrients into the surrounding water by intensive farming of fed species (Subasinghe et al. 2009). The quantity of dissolved nutrients released by fed aquaculture varies according to
* L. Rugiu [email protected] 1
Department of Marine Sciences -Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, SE 452 96 Strömstad, Sweden
2
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen, 34 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
biological factors including types of feed used, feed conversion ratio, type and biomass of species and feeding ef
Data Loading...