Physiological responses and metal distributions of different organs of Phragmites australis shoots under acid mine drain
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Physiological responses and metal distributions of different organs of Phragmites australis shoots under acid mine drainage stress Ziwei Ding 1,2,3 & Qing Fang 1,2,3 & Umar Daraz 1,2,3 & Qingye Sun 1,2,3 Received: 10 June 2020 / Accepted: 31 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Phragmites australis, which is widely distributed throughout the world, is often used in the phytoremediation of acid mine drainage (AMD) due to its various mechanisms for survival under extremely harsh conditions. To explore the different responses of different aerial organs of P. australis to stress, soil and plant samples were collected from the AMD-polluted area of the Tongling mining area. The contents of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in the soil and the leaf blades, leaf sheaths, and stems of P. australis as well as the contents/activities of cysteine synthase (CSase), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and proline (Pro) in the organs were determined. Our results revealed that the leaf sheath had the highest potential to store metals of all the organs. The highest translocation factor (TF) for Fe was observed from the stems to the leaf sheaths. A higher bioconcentration factor (BCF) for Mn was found in the leaf blades and leaf sheaths, while higher BCFs for Cd and Zn were observed in the stems. The content/ activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic stress-resistance substances varied from organ to organ. In general, the leaf sheaths remained almost as or slightly less stress-resistant than the leaf blades. It can be concluded that different plant organs play different roles in stress resistance, and understanding the tolerance mechanism of leaf sheaths to metals is essential for the application of phytoremediation procedures. Keywords Metals . Phragmites australis . Organs . Antioxidant response . AMD stress
Introduction There is currently an increasing concern about acid mine drainage (AMD) related to mining activities (Whitehead and Prior 2005). AMD is an environmental problem because it has high acidity and high levels of sulfates (Akcil and Koldas
Responsible Editor: Gangrong Shi Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10700-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Qingye Sun [email protected] 1
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
2
Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Protection and Restoration, Hefei, China
3
Mining environmental restoration and wetland ecological security Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, China
2006; Sheoran et al. 2010). Moreover, AMD is considered detrimental to organisms because it not only severely affects the surrounding ecosystem but is also transported to remote areas through rivers or groundwater and, as a result, pollutes the soil (Simate and Ndlovu 2014). AMD
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