Keratoconus: a potential risk factor for osteoarthritis
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Keratoconus: a potential risk factor for osteoarthritis Erdinc¸ Bozkurt
. Fatih Bagcier
Received: 25 November 2019 / Accepted: 16 May 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Purpose This study was undertaken to compare the distal femoral cartilage thickness in patients with keratoconus (KC) with that of age- and sex-matched healthy controls, in order to identify a potential risk factor for early osteoarthritis in patients with KC and to allow initiation of early rehabilitation. Methods Thirty-six KC patients between 18 and 35 years of age and 36 healthy controls were included in this study. Keratometry readings (K1, K2), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), iridocorneal angle (ICA), and corneal volumes (CV) were measured using a Sirius imaging system (Costruzioni Strumenti Oftalmici, Italy). Also, the distal femoral cartilage thickness (DFCT) was assessed bilaterally using ultrasound by the same physiatrist. Lateral femoral condyle (LFC), intercondylar area (ICA), medial femoral condyle (MFC), and body mass index (BMI) values were recorded. Results Patient and control groups were comparable in terms of age, gender, and BMI. On the other hand, patients with KC had a significant reduction in right LFC, MFC thickness and left ICA, MFC as compared E. Bozkurt (&) Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty, Kafkas University Faculty of Medicine, 36100 Kars, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] F. Bagcier Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kars State Hospital, Kars, Turkey
to controls (p \ 0.05). In the corneal topographic evaluation of the groups, it was observed that K1, K2, CCT, and ACD values differed significantly. Conclusions Detection of thinner DFCT in KC patients suggests that these patients may be future candidates of osteoarthritis. Keywords Keratoconus Distal femoral cartilage thickness Anterior segment parameters
Introduction Keratoconus (KC) is the bilateral, asymmetric, and progressive ectasia of the cornea, characterized by the thinning and cone-shaped bulging of the central cornea. Generally, its course is characterized by remissions and recurrences until the ages of 40 to 45 years [1]. When the progression halts, patients may present with a wide range of clinical manifestations from a mild irregular astigmatism to serious thinning and scar formation [2]. Although etiopathogenesis is not fully understood, predisposing factors include genetic inclination, use of contact lenses, and eye rubbing [3]. Several factors may predispose the patients to osteoarthritis including gait disorder related to visual disturbances, involvement of cartilage histology, and an inflammatory pathogenetic background. To the best of our knowledge, the association
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between KC and distal femoral cartilage thickness (DFCT) has never been used using ultrasound in previous studies. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the differences between KC patients and healthy controls in terms
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