Kinetics of oil extraction from clay used in the lubricating oil re-refining processes and re-activation of the spent bl
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Kinetics of oil extraction from clay used in the lubricating oil re‑refining processes and re‑activation of the spent bleaching clay Bakhtyar K. Aziz1 · Muhamad A. Abdullah2 · Stephan Kaufhold3 Received: 18 July 2020 / Accepted: 13 November 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract Oil extraction and re-activation of spent bleaching clay issued from re-refining of waste-lubricating oil in Sulaimani city, was studied under the three stages of solvent extraction, calcination, and acid activation processes. A set of different response parameters was considered such as (i) the extraction kinetics and the quality of the re-refined oil depending on the type of solvent used, (ii) the bleaching efficacy of reactivated spent bleaching clay, (iii) the effect of calcination time and temperature on the properties of re-activated spent bleaching clay, and (iv) the effect of additional acid activation of the spent bleaching clay. After oil recovery, calcination without acid treatment was sufficient to recover most of the clay activity (with respect to bleaching performance). Hexane and heptane were found to be the best solvents regarding the quantity and quality of the extracted oil. The results point out to a beneficial remediation of Tanjaro landfill from thousands of tons of dumped oily spent bleaching clay by de-oiling and calcination to recover the oil and re-activate the spent clay in an economic manner. Keywords Spent bleaching clay · Oil recovery · Bleaching efficiency · Tanjaro landfill · Waste engine oil
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s1114 4-020-01904-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Bakhtyar K. Aziz [email protected] 1
College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Peshawa Str, Chamchamal 46025, Iraq
2
Chemistry Department, College of Science, University of Sulamani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
3
BGR Bundesansaltfür Geowissenschaften Und Rohstoffe, Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany
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Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis
Introduction Waste or used oil [1] issued from lubrication, cutting, heat transfer, and hydraulic energy cannot be used for other purposes and must therefore be disposed of. Waste oil disposal, however, is a genuine issue to the earth’s surface [2], aquatic environment, and also to the atmospheric environment if burned [3]. Otherwise, 60–80% of the oil could be recovered by a suitable process of re-refining [4, 5]. One option is to recover the useful oil by extraction, applying mixtures of different solvents [6]. This method was further improved by introducing small quantities of NaOH for the elimination of the oxidation product and metal content of the re-refined oil [4, 5]. In Sulaimani city, a widely used alternative procedure is the sulfuric acid treatment followed by bleaching using a bleaching clay [7]. Notably, clay treatment is also used after an adequate solvent extraction method to remove undesi
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