Kinetics of the pyrolysis of cobalt-impregnated sesame stalk biomass
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Kinetics of the pyrolysis of cobalt-impregnated sesame stalk biomass Jan Nisar 1 & Farman Ali 2 & Muhammad Aslam Malana 2 & Ghulam Ali 1 & Munawar Iqbal 3 & Afzal Shah 4,5 & Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti 6 & Taj Ali Khan 7 & Umer Rashid 8 Received: 10 May 2019 / Revised: 1 July 2019 / Accepted: 3 July 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract In this work, thermogravimetric analysis of sesame biomass samples was conducted in inert atmosphere at heating rate of 10 °C/min in the temperature range 30–1000 °C. Kinetic parameters were calculated applying the Coats-Redfern (CR) method. TG/DTG of sesame biomass showed that pyrolysis mainly occurred in the temperature range 205–412 °C. Therefore, the biomass was thermally decomposed in the same temperature range in the presence of cobalt oxide in an indigenously made salt bath furnace. The pyrolysis oil was collected and analyzed using GC-MS. The Physicochemical properties of the oil were determined, and the results have shown that sesame biomass can be utilized as fuel if the oil obtained from it is properly upgraded to make it equivalent to commercial fuel. Keywords Sesame stalk . Cobalt-impregnated biomass . Pyrolysis . Kinetics . Bio-oil
1 Introduction Biomass has been used as primary source of energy for cooking food since time immemorial. The same practice is still prevalent in most rural areas of the world where there is no access to modern sources of energy. As biomass can be
* Jan Nisar [email protected] 1
National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
2
Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
3
Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
4
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir 32038, Bahrain
5
Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
6
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
7
Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
8
Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
replenished through re-growth, therefore, this source of energy can rightly be categorized as renewable energy. Previously biomass has been burnt directly to produce energy for different purposes. However, some disadvantages are associated with this method, i.e., disturbance of air quality and wastage of materials as a result of burning under uncontrolled conditions. Nowadays, there is a new approach to convert biomass into another energy product which can be stored and used as per demand. This can be done by two ways, firstly, to convert it into biofuel [1, 2] and secondly, to digest it anaerobically to get methane which can then be used as energy source [3]. The former method is most popular as it can be used for a wide range of materials; however, the latter has some limited applications. Due to continuous deple
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