Hydrogen Production by Catalytic Steam Reforming of Model Compounds of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Oil
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Hydrogen Production by Catalytic Steam Reforming of Model Compounds of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Oil P. Lan1,2, Q. L. Xu 1, L. H. Lan 2, Y. J. Yan 1* , J. A. Wang3 1 Research Center for Biomass Energy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China. 2 School of Chemistry and Eco-engineering of Guangxi University for Nationalities, Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Transforming Process, University of Guangxi, Nanning 530006, China. 3 Laboratorio de Catálisis y Materiales, ESIQIE, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Politécnico S/N, Col. Zacatenco, 07738 México D.F., México. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT A Ni/MgO-La2O3-Al2O3 catalyst with Ni as active component, Al2O3 as support, MgO and La2O3 as additives was prepared and its catalytic activity was evaluated in the process of hydrogen production from catalytic steam reforming of bio-oil. In the catalytic evaluation, some typical components present in bio-oil such as acetic acid, butanol, furfural, cyclopentanone and m-cresol were mixed following a certain proportion as model compounds. Reaction parameters like temperature, steam to carbon molar ratio and liquid hourly space velocity were studied with hydrogen yield as index. The optimal reaction conditions were obtained as follows: temperature 750-850 ºC, steam to carbon molar ratio 5-9, liquid hourly space velocity 1.5-2.5 h-1. The maximum hydrogen yield was 88.14 %. The carbon deposits were formed on the catalyst surface but its content decreased as reaction temperature increased in the bio-oil steam reforming process. KEYWORDS: biomass, bio-oil, model compounds, hydrogen, steam reforming, nickel-based catalyst. 1 INTRODUCTION Nowadays, due to the global warming caused by CO2 emission and the depletion of fossil fuels, more attention was focused on renewable energy sources. Hydrogen as a clean energy can be used in engine fuel cell which can perform better than other electricity generator in terms of energy efficiency. By the traditional methods, hydrogen can be produced from fossil fuel such as naphtha, natural gas and coal [1]. However, in these processes, large amounts of green house gas will also be produced. Biomass as a renewable energy source can be used to produce hydrogen by which the CO2 emission can be reduced effectively [2]. In fact, the green house gas can be reduced only by the way of renewable energy (such as biomass) utilization. Biomass has the merits of abundant it is renewable and environment-friendly. The renewable hydrogen can be produced by the way of biomass gasification [3, 4] or steam reforming of bio-ethanol [5, 6]. Steam gasification of biomass [7, 8] and steam reforming of bio-oils [9-11] are the two recently developed technologies to produce hydrogen fuels from biomass, wherein the latter included a
combination of fast pyrolysis of biomass under high temperature and then steam reforming of bio-oils for the production of hydrogen-rich gases. The bio-oil or pyrolysis oil, obtained from fast pyrolysis of
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