Renewable Bio-Oil from Pyrolysis of Synechocystis and Scenedesmus Wild-Type Microalgae Biomass
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Renewable Bio-Oil from Pyrolysis of Synechocystis and Scenedesmus Wild-Type Microalgae Biomass Masoud Derakhshandeh 1
&
Funda Ateş 2 & Umran Tezcan Un 3
Received: 26 June 2020 / Accepted: 1 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, biomasses of microalgae Scenedesmus and Synechocystis species were thermochemically converted to biofuel in a fast pyrolysis process. The effect of pyrolysis temperature on the products yield was investigated. The optimal pyrolysis temperature for Scenedesmus and Synechocystis biomass was 500 °C and 600 °C, respectively, resulting in higher bio-oil yield of 35.3 wt% and 21.1 wt%. The produced bio-oil had higher high heating value (HHV) (35–40 MJ/kg) than that of beech wood source bio-oil (23–35 MJ/kg). The obtained biochar had low surface area but with considerable nitrogen, phosphorus, and other mineral content was suggested as fertilizer. It was concluded that the microalgae type and its cultivation and harvesting method affects the characteristics of the products and final energy efficiency as well. Energy efficiency assessment showed that the technology needs to be improved substantially to reduce the energy demand in cultivation, harvest, and pyrolysis step to be energy efficient. Keywords Microalgae . Biofuel . Energy assessment . Thermochemical conversion . Bio-oil
Introduction The growing demand for energy and the increasing carbon dioxide emissions are challenging concerns of the world. Renewable energy while being carbon neutral resources have emerged as a remedy for these concerns [1–3]. Biofuels as a significant group of renewables are categorized into multiple generations based on the nature of raw material being used. The microalgae-based biofuels are among third-generation biofuels which do not rely on edible material and arable lands [1, 3]. Microalgae are interesting biomass producers because
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-020-10200-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Masoud Derakhshandeh [email protected] 1
Engineering Faculty, Life Science and Biomedical Engineering Application and Research Center, Istanbul Gelisim University, 34310 Istanbul, Turkey
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Eskişehir Technical University, 26555 Eskisehir, Turkey
3
Department of Environmental Engineering, Eskişehir Technical University, 26555 Eskisehir, Turkey
of their fast-growing characteristics [4]. They are also interesting for not competing with agriculture products as is unfortunately happening for crop-based biofuels. Autotrophic nature of microalgae growth made them promising technology for carbon dioxide mitigation. Microalgae-dried mass is composed of mainly lipid, carbohydrates, and proteins [5]. The lipid part can be used for oil-based biofuels like biodiesel while the carbohydrates are suitable for bioalchohol production. The lipid extraction from microalgae cells is a challenging
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