Lactobacillus casei CRL431 modulates hemostatic activation induced by protein malnourishment and pneumococcal respirator
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APPLIED MICROBIAL AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY
Lactobacillus casei CRL431 modulates hemostatic activation induced by protein malnourishment and pneumococcal respiratory infection Hortensia Zelaya 1 & Jonathan Laiño 2 & Julio Villena 2 & Gabriela Marranzino 3 & Susana Alvarez 1,2 & Graciela Agüero 1 Received: 9 May 2020 / Revised: 21 September 2020 / Accepted: 12 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Previously, we demonstrated that Lactobacillus casei CRL431, a well-known immunomodulatory bacterium, beneficially regulates coagulation activation, fibrin formation in lung, and the pro-inflammatory state induced by protein malnourishment and pneumococcal infection. In this study, we deepen in the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the immunoregulatory activity of L. casei CRL431 during a nutritional repletion process by evaluating (a) platelet and endothelial activation, (b) tissue factor (TF) expression, and (c) protease-activated receptor (PAR) activation in an experimental bacterial respiratory infection model in malnourished mice. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that the repletion diet supplemented with L. casei CRL431 was effective to normalize platelet counts in blood, modulate platelet activation and their recruitment into the lung, and regulate local and systemic TF expression and endothelial activation, which were affected by malnourishment. Streptococcus pneumoniae challenge induced local and systemic increase of platelet counts, PARs activation, P-selectin and TF expression, as well as endothelial activation in both well-nourished and malnourished mice. Malnourished animals evidenced the highest alterations of the parameters evaluated while the mice fed with the probiotic bacterium had similar behavior to normal controls but with lower PAR activation in lung. These results demonstrate that supplementation of repletion diet with L. casei CRL431 is effective to modulate alterations induced by malnourishment and pneumococcal infection, restraining coagulation activation, the inflammatory process, and lung damage. These observations contribute to set the basis for the application of probiotic functional foods to modulate the inflammation–hemostasis interactions altered by malnourishment or bacterial respiratory infections. Key points • Pneumococcal infection increases pro-coagulant state induced by protein malnourishment. • Repletion with L. casei CRL431 modulates platelet, TF, and endothelial activation. • L. casei CRL431 improves immune-coagulative response in protein malnourishment. Keywords L. casei CRL431 . Hemostatic activation . Malnourished mice . Immunomodulatory effect
Introduction * Hortensia Zelaya [email protected] * Graciela Agüero [email protected] 1
Instituto de Bioquímica Aplicada, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
2
Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
3
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Norte San
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