Oral administration of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum modulates the gut microbiota and increases the amyl
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Oral administration of Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum modulates the gut microbiota and increases the amylase activity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Mateus Cardoso Guimarães 1,2 & Amanda Iracy Cavalcante da Silva Guimarães 1,2 & Mariene Miyoko Natori 2 & Miguel Frederico Fernandez Alarcon 2 & Danielle de Carla Dias 2 & Carlos Massatoshi Ishikawa 2 & Silvana Tapia-Paniagua 3 & Miguel Ángel Moriñigo 3 & Francisco Javier Moyano 4 & Leonardo Tachibana 2 Received: 16 April 2020 / Accepted: 1 October 2020/ # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the possible positive effects of feeding Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with a diet containing a commercial probiotic AQUA-PHOTO® [Lactobacillus plantarum (1.51 × 106 CFU g−1) and Bacillus subtilis (1.34 × 107 CFU g−1)] on digestive enzymes’ activity and gut microbiome profile. The experimental design was completely randomized, with two treatments [control and probiotic diets (0.08 g.100 g−1 of feed)] and six replicate tanks per group (n = 8 animals per experimental unit, mean weight 8.18 g ± 1.85 g). The 96 fish were distributed into 12 aquaria and fed with the probiotic and control diets for 7 days. After this period, intestine samples (anterior, middle, and posterior portions) were collected from two individuals per tank. The samples were analyzed for assessment of DGGE profile and digestive enzymes’ activity (amylase, alkaline protease, and alkaline phosphatase). The results were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means compared by t test (P < 0.05). The addition of B. subtilis and L. plantarum in the diets modulated the intestinal microbial biodiversity, more specifically the species richness and habitability index (P < 0.05). Besides, probiotic feeding also increased specific amylase activity in the anterior gut (P < 0.05). The other variables studied did not show any significant differences between treatments. The oral administration of B. subtilis and L. plantarum (AQUA-PHOTO®) modulates intestinal microbiota profile and increases the amylase enzymatic activity. Therefore, this measure may provide better utilization of carbohydrate sources in the diet, supplying energy for Nile tilapia growth. Keywords Amylase . Alkaline phosphatase . Alkaline protease . Digestibility . Microbiology . Nutrition
* Leonardo Tachibana [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Aquaculture International
Introduction The gut microbiota plays an important role that contributes to maintaining the health condition and metabolism of the host. The intestinal mucosa interacts dynamically with a wide range of external (e.g., microbial community associated with the water, diet, environment) and internal factors (e.g., feeding behavior) (Nayak 2010; Yukgehnaish et al. 2020). The interaction between commensal and pathogen microorganism determinates the equilibrium balance of microbiota or the occurrence of a disease outbreak (Lazado et al. 2015). Sánchez et a
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