Land Reclamation and Artificial Islands from Building Waste: Hydrotechnical Methods and Geoecological Aspects
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Vol. 54, No. 4, November, 2020
LAND RECLAMATION AND ARTIFICIAL ISLANDS FROM BUILDING WASTE: HYDROTECHNICAL METHODS AND GEOECOLOGICAL ASPECTS A. L. Suzdaleva1 Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel’stvo, No. 5, May 2020, pp. 43 – 49.
In the field of hydraulic engineering, a topic of current interest is the reclamation of land and creation of artificial islands using construction waste. When implementing such projects, it is necessary to minimize possible negative environmental consequences. To this end, it is proposed to develop projects of artificial land and artificial islands in the form of controlled natural and technical systems, by which means the environment can be controlled and improved. Keywords: artificial land plots; artificial islands; construction waste; hydraulic engineering methods; geoecology.
tice, problems arising from large-scale environmental transformations, i.e., the geoecological aspects of such activities, are often regarded as being of secondary importance despite their very significant effects. In the long term, these issues are likely to be of great importance. Although political differences and economic disputes can, in principle, be resolved at any time by reaching a compromise, the need to deal appropriately with processes causing large-scale degradation of the environment requires more sustained efforts, often failing to fully compensate for the damage caused. Currently, many ecologists consider the construction of ALPs and AIs as a necessary evil, since solving the related social and demographic problems in any other way would also involve environmental compromises [2]. Therefore, rather than opposing such approaches per se, their attention is focused on mitigating the accompanying negative environmental effects. In reality, the geoecological issues involve complex trade-offs. The construction of any hydraulic structure of this category involves the creation of a new environmental habitat for humans and other organisms. In this connection, the present article is aimed at analyzing and systematizing all processes and phenomena arising from the use of construction waste in the creation of ALPs and AIs, including the related assessment of positive environmental changes. Such a comprehensive and unbiased approach contributes to the development of interdisciplinary innovative methods for the comprehensive solution of hydraulic and geoecological issues.
Since 2015, more than 1 billion tons of construction waste has been generated annually [1]. Transparency Market Research estimates that this volume will double to 2.2 billion tons per year by 2025. Thus, the problem of disposal of construction waste is becoming increasingly urgent. One possible solution is to use such waste materials to create artificial land plots (ALPs) and artificial islands (AIs) in shallow, predominantly marine, waters. While the former comprise an extension of a waterfront area, the latter are separated from it — although they can be connected with the shore via transport lines. In most cases, the bulk of wor
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