Landscape heterogeneity and habitat amount drive plant diversity in Amazonian canga ecosystems
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Landscape heterogeneity and habitat amount drive plant diversity in Amazonian canga ecosystems Markus Gastauer . Simone Kuster Mitre . Carolina S. Carvalho . Leonardo C. Trevelin . Priscila S. M. Sarmento . Joa˜o A. A. Meira Neto . Cecı´lio Frois Caldeira . Silvio Junio Ramos . Rodolfo Jaffe´
Received: 25 March 2020 / Accepted: 5 November 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Context Island Biogeography Theory and Habitat Amount Hypothesis postulate species richness and densities to increase with connectivity and habitat amount, while niche theory highlights the importance of environmental heterogeneity for species coexistence. Additional ecological niches in heterogeneous landscapes increase species richness and functional and phylogenetic diversity, but larger, less isolated habitats are expected to enlarge species densities by Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01151-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. M. Gastauer (&) S. K. Mitre C. S. Carvalho L. C. Trevelin P. S. M. Sarmento C. F. Caldeira S. J. Ramos R. Jaffe´ Instituto Tecnolo´gico Vale, R. Boaventura da Silva, 955, Nazare´, Bele´m, Para´ CEP 66055-090, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] M. Gastauer Po´s-graduac¸a˜o em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Para´, R. Augusto Correˆa s/n, Bairro Guama´, Bele´m, Para´ CEP 66075-110, Brazil
mass effects without effects on functional or phylogenetic diversity. Objectives We assessed the relative contribution of habitat amount, isolation and environmental heterogeneity on taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of the particular canga vegetation, i.e., rupestrian savannas associated to banded ironstone outcrops from the Caraja´s Massif, Eastern Amazon. Methods We sampled vegetation at 48 sampling points comprising different physiognomies from 5 canga patches. Diversity measures were modelled as response variables in linear mixed models, using non-collinear predictors of habitat amount, isolation and environmental heterogeneity. C. S. Carvalho Universidade Federal de Sa˜o Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, s/n, Sa˜o Carlos, Sa˜o Paulo CEP 13565-905, Brazil J. A. A. Meira Neto Laborato´rio de Ecologia e Evoluc¸a˜o de Plantas, Universidade Federal de Vic¸osa, Campus UFV s/n, Vic¸osa, Minas Gerais CEP 36570-000, Brazil
Present Address: S. K. Mitre Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente, Prefeitura Municipal de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Espı´rito Santo, Brazil
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Landscape Ecol
Results Diversity and species composition differed among canga physiognomies, indicating that environmental filters segregate canga plant metacommunity in physiognomy-specific species pools. Landscape roughness, a proxy for heterogeneity on the landscape level, increases species densities and functional richness. Additionally, habitat amount was positively associated with the degree of phylogenetic relatedness and functi
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