Diversity, metabolism and cultivation of archaea in mangrove ecosystems
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REVIEW
Diversity, metabolism and cultivation of archaea in mangrove ecosystems Cui‑Jing Zhang1 · Yu‑Lian Chen1 · Yi‑Hua Sun1 · Jie Pan1 · Ming‑Wei Cai1 · Meng Li1 Received: 31 May 2020 / Accepted: 19 October 2020 © Ocean University of China 2020
Abstract Mangroves comprise a globally significant intertidal ecosystem that contains a high diversity of microorganisms, including fungi, bacteria and archaea. Archaea is a major domain of life that plays important roles in biogeochemical cycles in these ecosystems. In this review, the potential roles of archaea in mangroves are briefly highlighted. Then, the diversity and metabolism of archaeal community of mangrove ecosystems across the world are summarized and Bathyarchaeota, Euryarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota, Woesearchaeota, and Lokiarchaeota are confirmed as the most abundant and ubiquitous archaeal groups. The metabolic potential of these archaeal groups indicates their important ecological function in carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycling. Finally, some cultivation strategies that could be applied to uncultivated archaeal lineages from mangrove wetlands are suggested, including refinements to traditional cultivation methods based on genomic and transcriptomic information, and numerous innovative cultivation techniques such as single-cell isolation and high-throughput culturing (HTC). These cultivation strategies provide more opportunities to obtain previously uncultured archaea. Keywords Archaea · Mangroves · Cultivation · Diversity · Metabolisms
Introduction Mangroves are located in the tropical and subtropical coastal areas of the world. They provide ecological services such as maintaining biodiversity, improving water quality, and protecting coastlines. As one of the world’s most productive ecosystems, mangroves are characterized as an important “blue carbon” reservoir (Alongi 2014). Mangroves are located in a buffer zone connecting land and ocean, supporting relatively high microbial diversity and complex microbial communities (Moopantakath et al. 2020; Zhang SPECIAL TOPIC: Cultivation of uncultured microorganisms. Edited by Chengchao Chen. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42995-020-00081-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Meng Li [email protected] 1
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
et al. 2019). Archaea, one of the most important microbial components, are widespread in mangrove ecosystems. In mangroves, the number of archaeal 16S rRNA genes ranges from 107 to 1 08 copies per gram of wet sediment (Li et al. 2012) and from 1 07 to 1 010 copies per gram of dry sediment (Zhou et al. 2017). The cultivation-independent approaches, such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomics, have revealed a high diversity and range of metabolisms in the archaea of mangroves (Bhattacharyya et al. 2015; Pan et al. 2019; Zhang et al. 2019). Archaea have thus been pro
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