Effects of landscape heterogeneity on population genetic structure and demography of Amazonian phyllostomid bats
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SHORT COMMUNICATION
Effects of landscape heterogeneity on population genetic structure and demography of Amazonian phyllostomid bats Sofia Marques Silva 1,2,3 & Gilmax Ferreira 4 & Hanna Pamplona 4 & Tuane Letícia Carvalho 5,6 & Juliana Cordeiro 5 Leonardo Carreira Trevelin 1,7
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Received: 21 April 2020 / Accepted: 10 November 2020 # Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bialowieza, Poland 2020
Abstract Anthropogenic landscape changes resulting in habitat degradation, loss and fragmentation might decrease connectivity and effective sizes of wild populations, threatening local biodiversity. Assumed large distributions of both species and habitats have probably discouraged studies correlating altered landscapes’ structure and composition to patterns of genetic diversity in the Neotropics. Yet, considering the increasingly high rates of deforestation and habitat conversion in Amazonia, investigating local and regional-scale effects of habitat conversion on Amazonian mammals is of paramount importance. Here, we use widespread, non-threatened, phyllostomid bats to understand how current forest dynamics are influencing genetic diversity patterns and functional connectivity of eastern Amazonian volant mammals. Four frugivorous species, Carollia perspicillata, Rhinophylla pumilio, Dermanura gnoma and Artibeus obscurus, were sampled across a heterogeneously fragmented region. Twelve more or less isolated rainforest remnants surrounded by urban areas, pastures, crops, secondary forests and other land uses comprise the studied landscapes, and are compared using a landscape genetics approach applied to mitochondrial DNA loci. Here, we report species-specific consequences of habitat fragmentation. Although the overall levels of genetic diversity were high, our data show that (i) population structure is heterogeneous across the altered landscapes; (ii) landscapes with higher habitat availability harbour populations with higher genetic diversity; and (iii) the populations assessed might be demographically declining. Keywords Artibeus obscurus . Belem area of endemism . Carollia perspicillata . Deforestation . Dermanura gnoma . Neotropics . Rhinophylla pumilio
Communicated by: Jeremy Herman * Sofia Marques Silva [email protected] * Leonardo Carreira Trevelin [email protected] 1
Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi/ Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
2
Department of Zoology, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, PA, Brazil
3
Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources / InBIO Associate Laboratory, Vairão, Portugal
4
Universidade da Amazônia, Belém, PA, Brazil
5
Department of Ecology, Zoology and Genetics, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
6
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
7
Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Belém, PA, Brazil
Introduction Forest loss and fragmentation have for long shared the leading role as processes of landscape chan
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