Latitudinal, seasonal and depth-dependent variation in growth, chemical composition and biofouling of cultivated Sacchar
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23RD INTERNATIONAL SEAWEED SYMPOSIUM, JEJU
Latitudinal, seasonal and depth-dependent variation in growth, chemical composition and biofouling of cultivated Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae) along the Norwegian coast Silje Forbord 1,2 & Sanna Matsson 3,4 & Guri E. Brodahl 1 & Bodil A. Bluhm 4 & Ole Jacob Broch 2 & Aleksander Handå 2 & Anna Metaxas 5 & Jorunn Skjermo 2 & Kristine Braaten Steinhovden 2 & Yngvar Olsen 1 Received: 29 June 2019 / Revised and accepted: 7 January 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The Norwegian coastline covers more than 10° in latitude and provides a range in abiotic and biotic conditions for seaweed farming. In this study, we compared the effects of cultivation depth and season on the increase in biomass (frond length and biomass yield), chemical composition (protein, tissue nitrogen, intracellular nitrate and ash content) and biofouling (total cover and species composition) of cultivated Saccharina latissima at nine locations along a latitudinal gradient from 58 to 69° N. The effects of light and temperature on frond length and biofouling were evaluated along with their relevance for selecting optimal cultivation sites. Growth was greater at 1–2 m than at 8–9 m depth and showed large differences among locations, mainly in relation to local salinity levels. Maximum frond lengths varied between 15 and 100 cm, and maximum biomass yields between 0.2 and 14 kg m−2. Timing of maximum frond length and biomass yield varied with latitude, peaking 5 and 8 weeks later in the northern location (69° N) than in the central (63° N) and southern (58° N) locations, respectively. The nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor (averaged across all locations and depths) was 3.8, while protein content varied from 22 to 109 mg g−1 DW, with seasonality and latitude having the largest effect. The onset of biofouling also followed a latitudinal pattern, with a delayed onset in northern locations and at freshwater-influenced sites. The dominant epibiont was the bryozoan Membranipora membranacea. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of S. latissima cultivation along a wide latitudinal gradient in North Atlantic waters and underscore the importance of careful site selection for seaweed aquaculture. Keywords Phaeophyceae . Abiotic factors . Epibionts . Membranipora membranacea . Protein content . Seaweed aquaculture . Specific nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-020-02038-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Silje Forbord [email protected] * Sanna Matsson [email protected] 1
Department of Biology, Centre of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
2
Department of Environment and New Resources, SINTEF Ocean, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
3
Akvaplan-niva, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
4
UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
5
Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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