Layered Sodium Manganese Oxide Na 2 Mn 3 O 7 as an Insertion Host for Aqueous Zinc-ion Batteries
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MRS Advances © 2019 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2019.297
Layered Sodium Manganese Oxide Na2Mn3O7 as an Insertion Host for Aqueous Zinc-ion Batteries Krishnakanth Sada and Prabeer Barpanda Faraday Materials Laboratory (FaMaL), Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560012, India
Corresponding Author E-mail: Krishnakanth Sada, [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Aqueous rechargeable batteries are attractive owing to their higher operational safety, high ionic conductivity, scalable and easy manufacturing. These aqueous batteries form an economic option for large-scale (grid) power storage. In the aqueous battery sector, Mnbased compounds are highly attractive with their non-toxic nature, low-cost, rich mineral chemistry and robust operational safety. Several Mn-based systems like LiMn2O4 spinel and LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 have seen successful commercialization. Pursuing Mn-based materials, we have shown layer structured Na2Mn3O7 as a versatile cathode material for non-aqueous systems like Li-, Na- and K-ion batteries. In the current work, we have exploited Na2Mn3O7 as a cathode material for aqueous Zn-ion battery for the first time. This Na-Mn-O ternary system was prepared using two-step emulsion-based synthesis. The phase-pure Na2Mn3O7 was formed in a triclinic structure with a space group of P-1. It exhibited versatile electrochemical insertion of different ions like Li-, Na- and K-ions involving phase transition. Na2Mn3O7 exhibited reversible Zn-ion intercalation delivering capacity of 245 mA h g-1 with a nominal voltage of 1.5 V. Upon discharge, it triggered phase transformation to an unknown phase. Layered Na2Mn3O7 oxide was found to act as an efficient cathode for Zn-ion batteries with good cycling stability.
INTRODUCTION: Research and development of robust large-scale energy storage systems (ESS) are key to realize electric mobility as well as large scale grid storage. At present, one of the topmost global challenges is to replace the fossil-fuel based energy resources with
4.0 Na2LiyMn3O7
Li-ion
Li-ion 3.0
Discharge
3.5
0.98 V
2.5
Na2Mn3O7
Na-ion 2.0
K-ion
K-ion
1.5
Discharge
Potential (V)
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renewable energy sources (such as wind and solar) to reduce the carbon footprint of the planet. However, these renewable energy resources are intermittent. So, storage of this energy into the electrical grid is of paramount importance. Here, batteries play a critical role to store the electrical energy in the form of chemical energy. In energy-storage landscape, different types of batteries have been developed that can be broadly divided into (i) non-aqueous and (ii) aqueous electrolyte based rechargeable batteries. [1-3] In this scenario, it is important to design versatile cathode systems capable of hosting different alkalin
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