Lead adsorption in soils and the effect of soil properties: case study from Turkey
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Lead adsorption in soils and the effect of soil properties: case study from Turkey Mehmet Keçeci1 · Sadık Usta2 · Veli Uygur3 Received: 13 November 2019 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Lead (Pb) concentration of agricultural soils arises from either many industrial or agricultural pollution sources, and it is of most harmful heavy metals. Its reactivity and mobility in agricultural soils have significant environmental and ecosystem health consequences. Therefore, Pb adsorption processes of 28 surface soils with differing physico-chemical properties and mineralogy were investigated by batch sorption technique in this lab-based study. Scope of 1.00 g soils was reacted with 20 mL of 1 0–4–10–2 molar Pb concentration prepared in 0.01 molar Ca(NO3)2 solution at 25 °C for 24 h. The sorption data were tested against Langmuir and Freundlich models by regression analysis. Results indicated both Langmuir and Freundlich models successively described the Pb adsorption onto the soils. The maximum adsorptions of the soils were ranged from 21,268 to 46,301 mg kg−1. The Freundlich n parameters varied between 0.235 and 0.564 mL g−1 and Kf 459–154,525 mg kg−1. Correlation and principal component analyses revealed that Pb adsorption by the experimental soils was strongly related to pH, clay, and calcium carbonate equivalent, and soluble salt concentrations. Therefore, it can be concluded that acidic pH and coarse texture can make soils susceptible to increased level of Pb. In contrast, clay texture and alkaline pH increase the sorption capacity while decreasing the mobility of Pb. Keywords Soil properties · Lead · Adsorption · Desorption · Langmuir model · Freundlich model · Turkey
Introduction Heavy metals pollution in agricultural soils is a widespread global problem in the world due to irrigation practices using wastewater, industrial and mining activities, usage of sewage sludges from the water treatment plants, pesticide usage, intensified agricultural traffic, fertilization and other agricultural practices (Kabata-Pendias 2011; Zhang et al. 2012; Niu et al. 2013). Ag lands nearby the mining and smelting sites possess elevated risks of heavy metals including Pb (Zhang et al. 2012; Lopes et al. 2015). Despite Pb is well tolerated in calcareous soils and lesser extent in acid soils * Veli Uygur [email protected] 1
Directorate of Soil, Fertilizer and Water Resources Research Institute, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
2
Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Agricultural Faculty, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
3
Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Agricultural Faculty, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta, Turkey
(Lindsay 2001), continuous and common distribution of Pb emitting sources along with non-degradable nature of Pb leads increasing concern on Pb contamination due to its very high toxicity (Li et al. 2007). Currently, many measurements have been taken to reduce Pb emission in the wor
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