Lead availability and phytoextraction in the rhizosphere of Pelargonium species
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ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN HEALTH
Lead availability and phytoextraction in the rhizosphere of Pelargonium species Maria Manzoor 1 & Iram Gul 1 & Aamir Manzoor 2 & Usman Rauf Kamboh 3 & Kiran Hina 4 & Jean Kallerhoff 5 & Muhammad Arshad 1 Received: 25 November 2019 / Accepted: 24 February 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Availability of lead (Pb) in soil is a major factor controlling the phytoremediation efficiency of plants. This study was focused on investigating the plant-induced changes in rhizosphere and corresponding effect on bioavailable fraction of Pb and accumulation in different plant parts. For rhizosphere study, special cropping device was designed locally. Two Pb accumulator plants Stigmatocarpum criniflorum (L. f.) L. Bolus and Pelargonium × hortorum L.H. Bailey were grown in cropping device setup containing Pb spiked soil (500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 mg kg−1) for a period of 3 weeks. Further plants were also analyzed for Pb-induced oxidative stress. The results indicated higher ability of soil adjustment for Pb uptake by P. hortorum. The soil pH was (p < 0.05) decreased (ΔpH = − 0.22 pH), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content was significantly increased (by 1.7-fold) in rhizosphere of P. hortorum. The bioavailable fraction of Pb was twofold higher in rhizosphere of P. hortorum than S. criniflorum at the same soil Pb concentration (2000 mg kg−1). Maximum Pb concentration in root and shoot of S. criniflorum was 755 ± 99 and 207 ± 12 mg Pb/kg DW and for P. hortorum was 1281 ± 77 and 275 ± 7 mg Pb/kg DW. P. hortorum uptakes more Pb per plant by threefold compared with S. criniflorum. The oxidative stress results indicated higher Pb tolerance and suitability of P. hortorum for phytoextraction of Pb-contaminated soil. Keywords Lead . Rhizosphere . Hyperaccumulators . Phytoavailability . Oxidative stress
Responsible editor: Elena Maestri Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08226-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Maria Manzoor [email protected] * Muhammad Arshad [email protected] 1
Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering (IESE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
2
Department of Agricultural Soil Science, Georg-August University Goettingen, Buesgenweg 2, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
3
School of Computational Sciences, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
4
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
5
Ecolab, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
Introduction Lead (Pb) is one of the most abundantly found toxic heavy metals in soils and has no biological function. It is ubiquitously distributed in soil. As a result of anthropogenic activities, 1000-fold increase in Pb soil contamination is observed over the past years (Kushwaha et al. 2018). In Pakistan, Pb concentration in industrial zone of Isla
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