Bacterial Volatile in Rhizosphere
Investigation on antagonism, to follow competition between target pathogen and biocontrol agent is the main step to select the effective candidate in vitro and in vivo conditions. Rhizosphere is a harbour of bacteria and fungi. Their interactions and ongo
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Ömür Baysal and R. Soner Silme
Abstract
Investigation on antagonism, to follow competition between target pathogen and biocontrol agent is the main step to select the effective candidate in vitro and in vivo conditions. Rhizosphere is a harbour of bacteria and fungi. Their interactions and ongoing communication network are in balance and continued with prominent molecules mediating this signal traffic ‘volatile organic compounds’ (VOCs). Volatile compounds emitted by different soil bacteria affect the growth of plants and gene expression. Bacterial volatiles can have an important role in communication and antagonistic interactions within the soil bacterial community. In this complicated microflora, to decipher the chemical language through microbial interactions will be beneficial for sustainable control measurements. Here we evaluated volatile-mediated interactions of a microbial community mimicking the natural conditions in the heterogeneous soil environment along the rhizosphere. This chapter summarizes biological and ecological significance of VOC-mediated resistance and briefly provides updated knowledge on this concept. Keywords
Bacteria • Signalling • VOCs mediated resistance • Induction of resistance • Microbial community • Secreted compounds
Ö. Baysal (*) Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Mugla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000 Kötekli/Muğla, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] R.S. Silme Scientific Research Projects, Istanbul University, 34452, Main Campus, Beyazit/Fatih-Istanbul, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 D.K. Choudhary et al. (eds.), Volatiles and Food Security, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-5553-9_11
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Ö. Baysal and R.S. Silme
11.1 Introduction Soil microflora is a very complex fauna sheltering different microorganisms and bacteria which is one of the major inhabitants of soil rhizosphere that is a part of under the influence of the plant roots. This microflora directly and indirectly has an influence on both plant growth and resistance to pathogens. Bacteria form colonization using root exudates and their secretions to create antagonistic microflora for inhibiting pathogenic microorganism causing plant disease and promoting plant growth. Therefore, they have been used as a bio-fertilizer to enhance nitrogen fixation and solubilization of required elements for plants besides phytostimulator and biocontrol agents (Correa et al. 2009; Sumayo et al. 2013). Moreover, volatiles emitted from rhizobacteria have plant growth promotion effect by regulation of secreted hormones depending on signalling cascades (Bhattacharyya et al. 2015a, b). As in practice these properties are beneficial for seed treatment and soil drenching (Yu and Lee 2013). Numerous dynamic interactions are occurring in rhizosphere that changes nutrient transformation and exchange of genetic material within microorganisms. These cases directly have an impact on microbiome and characteristic property of rhizosphere. In some special circumstances, m
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