Leaf anatomy and histochemistry of secretory structures of Zanthoxylum caribaeum Lam. (Rutaceae)
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STRUCTURAL BOTANY - ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Leaf anatomy and histochemistry of secretory structures of Zanthoxylum caribaeum Lam. (Rutaceae) Carine Raisa Barbosa de Andrade1 · Fabiano Machado Martins2 · Hugo Neves Brandão1 · Clayton Queiroz Alves1 · Larisse de Freitas‑Silva2 Received: 7 May 2020 / Revised: 14 September 2020 / Accepted: 16 September 2020 © Botanical Society of Sao Paulo 2020
Abstract Rutaceae species, especially of the genus Zanthoxylum L., are known for possessing a well-diversified chemical composition with high potential for pharmacological activity. A variety of Zanthoxylum species are distributed throughout Brazil. This study aimed to characterize the leaf anatomy and identify the histochemical composition of the secretory material from the secretory structures of Z. caribaeum leaves. Leaves of Z. caribaeum were collected and processed for anatomical, histochemical and micromorphological characterization following standard methodologies. The leaves have an unstratified epidermis and glandular trichomes in epidermal depressions on the abaxial surface. Extrafloral nectaries were also observed on the abaxial surface. The leaf is hypostomatic and the stomata are anomocytic. The mesophyll is dorsiventral and has secretory cavities. The mesophyll cavities produce a secretion of lipidic nature and the cavities on the leaf margin produce a secretion of mixed nature, with neutral lipids and essences. In summary, our findings show that the leaves of Z. caribaeum have secretory structures like glandular trichomes that can function as extrafloral nectaries and cavities. The characterization of the leaf anatomy of Z. caribaeum can provide relevant data for future taxonomic studies of the genus. Keywords Histochemical tests · Plant anatomy · Secretory cavities · Vegetative organs
1 Introduction The family Rutaceae comprises 150–164 genera and around 1900 species. It is the largest group of plants in the order Sapindales and is distributed predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in the Neotropics, South Africa and Australia. Macroscopically, the main distinguishing characteristic of Rutaceae is the presence of translucent glands. These structures, which correspond to multicellular secretory cavities, are responsible for the production of essential oils and are distributed throughout the organs of the plant (Bruniera et al. 2011). In Brazil, there are around 200 species of Rutaceae (Pirani and Groppo 2015), which are notable for their economic, ecological and medicinal importance. For example, * Larisse de Freitas‑Silva [email protected] 1
Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia 44036‑900, Brazil
Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia 44380‑000, Brazil
2
the comestible fruits of Citrus (lime, orange, tangerine), wood of Flindersia, Zanthoxylum, Balfourodendron and Euxylophora, aromatic oils of Boronia and Ruta and medications, such as those from “jaborandis” of the genus Pilocarpus, which produces active substanc
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