Learning in Communities Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Human Cent

Most learning takes place in communities. People continually learn through their participation with others in everyday activities. Such learning is important in contemporary society because formal education cannot prepare people for a world that changes r

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Editors-in-chief John Karat IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center (USA) Jean Vanderdonckt Université catholique de Louvain (Belgium) Editorial Board Gregory Abowd, Georgia Institute of Technology (USA) Gaëlle Calvary, LIG-University of Grenoble 1 (France) John Carroll, College of Information Sciences & Technology, Penn State University (USA) Gilbert Cockton, University of Sunderland (UK) Mary Czerwinski, Microsoft Research (USA) Steven Feiner, Columbia University (USA) Elizabeth Furtado, University of Fortaleza (Brazil) Kristina Höök, SICS (Sweden) Robert Jacob, Tufts University (USA) Robin Jeffries, Google (USA) Peter Johnson, University of Bath (UK) Kumiyo Nakakoji, University of Tokyo (Japan) Philippe Palanque, Université Paul Sabatier (France) Oscar Pastor, University of Valencia (Spain) Fabio Paternò, ISTI-CNR (Italy) Costin Pribeanu, National Institute for Research & Development in Informatics (Romania) Marilyn Salzman, Salzman Consulting (USA) Chris Schmandt, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (USA) Markus Stolze, IBM Zürich (Switzerland) Gerd Szwillus, Universität Paderborn (Germany) Manfred Tscheligi, University of Salzburg (Austria) Gerrit van der Veer, University of Twente (The Netherlands) Shumin Zhai, IBM Almaden Research Center (USA)

ii Human-Computer Interaction is a multidisciplinary field focused on human aspects of the development of computer technology. As computer-based technology becomes increasingly pervasive - not just in developed countries, but worldwide - the need to take a human-centered approach in the design and development of this technology becomes ever more important. For roughly 30 years now, researchers and practitioners in computational and behavioral sciences have worked to identify theory and practice that influences the direction of these technologies, and this diverse work makes up the field of humancomputer interaction. Broadly speaking it includes the study of what technology might be able to do for people and how people might interact with the technology. In this series, we present work which advances the science and technology of developing systems which are both effective and satisfying for people in a wide variety of contexts. The human-computer interaction series will focus on theoretical perspectives (such as formal approaches drawn from a variety of behavioral sciences), practical approaches (such as the techniques for effectively integrating user needs in system development), and social issues (such as the determinants of utility, usability and acceptability). Author guidelines: www.springer.com/authors/book+authors > Author Guidelines

For other titles published in this series, go to http://www.springer.com/series/6033

John M. Carroll Editor

Learning in Communities Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Human Centered Information Technology

Editor John M. Carroll The Pennsylvania State University College of Information Sciences and Technology 307H IST Building University Park, PA 16802-6823, USA [email protected]

Human-Computer Interaction Series ISSN: 1571-