Less reduced gray matter volume in the subregions of superior temporal gyrus predicts better treatment efficacy in drug-
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Less reduced gray matter volume in the subregions of superior temporal gyrus predicts better treatment efficacy in drug-naive, first-episode schizophrenia Xilong Cui 1 & Qijian Deng 1 & Bing Lang 1 & Qinji Su 2 & Feng Liu 3 & Zhikun Zhang 2 & Jindong Chen 1 & Jingping Zhao 1 & Wenbin Guo 1,4 Accepted: 2 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Decreased gray matter volume (GMV) in the superior temporal gyrus (STG) has been implicated in the neurophysiology of schizophrenia. However, it remains unclear whether volumetric reduction in the subregions of the STG can predict treatment efficacy for schizophrenia. Our cohort included 44 drug-naive, first-episode patients, 42 unaffected siblings and 44 healthy controls. Voxel-based morphometry and pattern classification were utilized to analyze the acquired imaging data as per the anatomical subdivision by a well-defined brainnetome atlas. The patients presented lower GMV values in left TE1.0/1.2 (TE, anterior temporal visual association area) than the siblings, and lower GMV values in the left/right TE1.0/1.2 and left A22r (rostral area 22) than the controls. A positive correlation is observed between the GMV values in the right A38l (lateral area 38) and baseline Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total scores in the patients. Support vector regression (SVR) results exhibited a significant association between predicted (based on the GMV values in the right A38l) and actual symptomatic improvement based on the reduction ratio of the PANSS total scores (r = 0.498, p = 0.001). Our results suggest that normal structure in the right A38l of the STG may be an important factor indicative of the effects of antipsychotic drugs, which can be potentially used to monitor drug effects for first-episode patients at an early stage in clinical practice. Keywords Schizophrenia . Superior temporal gyrus . Gray matter volume . Voxel-based morphometry . Pattern classification
Introduction Schizophrenia is a brain disorder with progressive brain alterations. Meta-analyses have suggested that there are brain anatomical alterations in schizophrenia (Haijma et al. 2013; Olabi et al. 2011) and longitudinal studies also provide evidence for progressive anatomical Cui and Deng contributed equally to this work. * Wenbin Guo [email protected] 1
Department of Psychaitry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
2
Mental Health Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
3
Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
4
The Third People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
alterations which occur early in the disorder (Andreasen et al. 2011; DeLisi 2008). Among these alterations, the superior temporal gyrus (STG), especially the left STG, has become a common target for anatomical studies (Shepherd
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