Lethal and sublethal toxicity of some plant-derived essential oils in ectoparasitoid wasp, Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hyme
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Lethal and sublethal toxicity of some plant-derived essential oils in ectoparasitoid wasp, Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Roya Ahmadpour 1 & Hooshang Rafiee-Dastjerdi 1 & Bahram Naseri 1 & Mahdi Hassanpour 1 & Asgar Ebadollahi 2 & Vahid Mahdavi 1 Received: 12 April 2020 / Revised: 8 July 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 # African Association of Insect Scientists 2020
Abstract Habrobracon hebetor Say is among the most efficient natural enemies of several lepidopteran insect pests. In the present study, the lethal and sublethal activities of essential oils isolated from aromatic plants Achillea millefolium L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill, Ocimum basilicum L., and Zataria multiflora Boiss were studied on the H. hebetor female wasps. A. millefolium and Z. multiflora essential oils with lower LC50 values displayed lower toxicity on parasitoid wasps than F. vulgare and O. basilicum essential oils. Although LC30 values of essential oils affected the fecundity and fertility of treated wasps, A. millefolium and Z. multiflora essential oils were harmless than F. vulgare and O. basilicum oils. The lowest rm (intrinsic rate of increase), R0 (net reproductive rate), GRR (Gross reproductive rate), and λ (Finite rate of increase) values (0.20 day, 16.13 offspring, 83.61 egg, and 1.24 day, respectively) distinguished on female wasps treated by F. vulgare essential oil. Based on the results of present study, A. millefolium and Z. multiflora essential oils indicated lower lethal and sublethal effects on the H. hebetor than F. vulgare and O. basilicum essential oils, and therefore, they can be considered as relatively safe agents to H. hebetor in the management of its lepidopteran insect pests. Keywords Essential oil . biological parameter . Life table parameters . Parasitoid wasp . Toxicity
Introduction Chemical control is an efficient and reliably effective method for the management of insect pests. However, their misuse may increase the risk of environmental pollution, insect pests’ resistant, the outbreak of secondary pests and effects on noun-target beneficial insects such as predators and parasitoids (Damalas and Eleftherohorinos 2011; Freitas et al. 2016; Zikankuba et al. 2019). Therefore, there is an urgent need for developing safe and potential alternatives to replace chemical pesticides.
* Asgar Ebadollahi [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box: 56199-13131, Ardabil, Iran
2
Moghan College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box: 56199-13131, Ardabil, Iran
Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a cosmopolitan ectoparasitoid wasp on numerous lepidopteran larvae including many species in Pyralidae and Noctuidae families (Eliopoulos and Stathas 2008; Jarrahi and Safavi 2016). H. hebetor is a natural enemy of lepidopteran pests such as the Indian-meal moth (Plodia interpunctella Hubner), the Med
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