Toxicity and biochemical effects of essential oils of Anethum graveolens L. and Melaleuca cajuputi Powell against Rhyzop
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Toxicity and biochemical effects of essential oils of Anethum graveolens L. and Melaleuca cajuputi Powell against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) Manickkam Jayakumar 1
&
Maduraiveeran Ramachandran 1 & Thangapandi Krishnaveni 1 & Gopal Nattudurai 1
Received: 27 September 2019 / Accepted: 19 June 2020 # African Association of Insect Scientists 2020
Abstract Laboratory experiments were carried out to find out the toxicity and biochemical effects of the essential oils (EO) of Anethum graveolens and Melaleuca cajuputi on lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica. Fumigation toxicity experiment was carried out against R. dominica adults by using the essential oils of A. graveolens and M. cajuputi showed 100% and 72% mortality respectively in 40 μl/L at 24 h. Biochemical studies such as total protein, acetylcholinesterase, alpha and beta carboxylesterase, glutathione-s-transferase were carried out to evaluate the impact of essential oils on R. dominica adult. The experimental results showed that the protein content in lethal concentration (LC50) of A. graveolens (17.32 μg/μl) and M. cajuputi (15.72 μg/μl) oils decreased about 4.75%, 13.58% respectively, when compared to control (18.19 μg/μl). Both the essential oils were disturbed the normal acetylcholinesterase, carboxylesterase and glutathione-s-transferase activity when compared to control. These results proved that A. graveolens essential oils showed the potential to control experimented insect pest; hence this essential oil may be used as an alternate for synthetic insecticide to control the R. dominica. Keywords Essential oil . Lethal concentration . Biochemical . Fumigation toxicity . Rhyzopertha dominica
Introduction In agriculture, protection of grains, cereals, pulses, and other dry food products has always been a challenging task, especially during the postharvest period. Generally, grains are necessary to be stored after the harvest for a shorter or longer period until consumption (Kanwar and Sharma 2003). Improper storage of food grains during the postharvest period leads to severe damage by insects, rodents, and mites resulting in both quantitative and qualitative loss (Proctor 1994). The postharvest losses of the stored product due to insects were 9% to 20% in developed countries (Phillips and Throne 2010) and 2.0 to 4.2% in developing country such as India (Indian Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-02000359-6. * Manickkam Jayakumar [email protected] 1
Unit of Applied Entomology, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, India
Grain Storage Management and Research Institute 2019). As in the case of India, food grains are damage by stored grain pests and losses was up to 25% to (Rajashekar et al. 2012). The losses of stored grains as seeds alone estimated worth of Rs.134 to 156 millon USD (Inglese et al. 2006). Generally, stored grain pests are very difficult to control with insecticide
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