Life Cycle Assessment of Crystalline Silicon Wafers for Photovoltaic Power Generation
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Life Cycle Assessment of Crystalline Silicon Wafers for Photovoltaic Power Generation Mingyang Fan 1 & Zhiqiang Yu 1,2,3 & Wenhui Ma 1,2,3 & Luyao Li 1 Received: 22 April 2020 / Accepted: 24 August 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract A life cycle assessment(LCA) was conducted over the modified Siemens method polycrystalline silicon(S-P-Si) wafer, the modified Siemens method single crystal silicon(S-S-Si) wafer, the metallurgical route polycrystalline silicon(M-P-Si) wafer and the metallurgical route single crystal silicon(M-S-Si) wafer from quartzite mining to wafer slicing in China. A large amount of data was investigated from relevant literature and factories in this study. Based on the contribution analysis and sensitivity analysis, the key points for improvement were found. The result included primary energy demand (PED), chemical oxygen demand (COD), SO2, NH3-N, NOX, CO2, and industrial water use (IWU). The above seven indexes were weighted and then added to get China’s thirteenth five-year plan for energy conservation and emission reduction total environmental impact indexes(ECER-135) of S-P-Si wafer, S-S-Si wafer, M-P-Si wafer and M-S-Si wafer were 1.47 × 10−9, 2.12 × 10−9, 3.30 × 10−10 and 1.22 × 10−9 respectively. The ECER135 of silicon wafers purified with modified Siemens method was higher than that purified with metallurgical route by 3.1 times on average; the ECER-135 of single crystal silicon wafers production was larger than that of polysilicon wafers production by 2.3 times on average. When the four kinds of silicon wafers were used to generate the same amount of electricity for photovoltaic modules, the ECER-135 of S-P-Si wafer, S-S-Si wafer and M-S-Si wafer were 3.3, 4.5 and 2.8 times of that of M-P-Si wafer respectively. During the whole production process, the electricity consumption was of the highest sensitivity for ECER-135. PED had the highest contribution to the ECER135 for four kinds of silicon wafers, mainly due to the use of thermal power. If hydropower were used instead of thermal power, the ECER-135 could be reduced by 46% to 62%. Keywords Life cycle assessment . Modified Siemens method . Metallurgical route . Crystalline silicon wafer . Environmental impact
* Zhiqiang Yu [email protected] 1
Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Cleaning Utilization/The National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
3
Key Laboratory of Non-Ferrous Metals Vacuum Metallurgy of Yunnan Province/Engineering Research Center for Silicon Metallurgy and Silicon Materials of Yunnan Provincial Universities, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Abbreviations BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand COD Chemical Oxygen Demand E C E R -China's Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for Energy 135 Conservation and Emission Reduction total environmental impact index
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