Light Pollution Handbook
This book deals with light pollution and about the ways to reduce it. Light pollution is one of the negative side-effects of artificial outdoor lighting. The term light pollution is an unhappy one, but as no better alternative seems to exist, it will be u
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ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY VOLUME 322
EDITORIAL BOARD Chairman W.B. BURTON, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A. ([email protected]); University of Leiden, The Netherlands ([email protected]) Executive Committee
J. M. E. KUIJPERS, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen, The Netherlands E. P. J. VAN DEN HEUVEL, Astronomical Institute, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands H. VAN DER LAAN, Astronomical Institute, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands MEMBERS I. APPENZELLER, Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Konigstuhl, Germany 1. N. BAHCALL, The Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, U.S.A. F. BERTOLA, Universitd di Padova, Italy J. P. CASSINELLI, University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. C. J. CESARSKY, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France O. ENGVOLD, Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Norway R. McCRAY, University of Colorado, JILA, Boulder, U.S.A. P. G. MURDIN, Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, U.K. F. PACINI, Istituto Astronomia Arcetri, Firenze, Italy V. RADHAKRISHNAN, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India K. SATO, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan F. H. SHU, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A. B. V. SOMOV, Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Russia R. A. SUNYAEV, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia Y. TANAKA, Institute of Space & Astronautical Science, Kanagawa, Japan S. TREMAINE, CITA, Princeton University, U.S.A. N. O. WEISS, University of Cambridge, U.K.
LIGHT POLLUTION HANDBOOK by
KOHEI NARISADA
and DUCO SCHREUDER
~ Springer
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-94-015-7058-9 ISBN 978-1-4020-2666-9 (eBook) DOI 10. 1007/978-1-4020-2666-9
Printed on acid-free paper
Cover page: 'Caft!terras bij avond (place du forum)' Vincent van Gogh. KrOller-Muller Museum, Ottedo Typesetting: Jan Faber, LINE UP Tekstproducties bv, Groningen. The Netherlands springcronline.com
All Rights Reserved
© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2004 Originally published by Springer 2004 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2004
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any fonn or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, mic rofilming, recording or otherwise, without written pennission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
to Tsuyako and Fanny
Contents
Preface 1
1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2
1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.2.6
1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4
2
2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3
2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.4.4 2.4.5 2.5
XIX
Preamble There is only one Earth The philosophy of the environment The philosophy of the night Light pollution and energy conservation Spill light and light pollution Energy consumption for outdoor lighting Energy losses as a result of light pollution Environmental impact of light pollu
